Steampunk, Romance, Widgets and Projects

Evolution

Since joining the English Historical Fiction Authors, many who follow my blog will have noted that I stepped up my game with it. A lot more history has been presented here, including such articles on Regency Money, The Prime Ministers of the Regency, The Regency Timeline and the Regency Lexicon. All these pages have detailed followups at various parts of the Regency Assembly Press website.

Recently I have started biographies or the Regency Personalties Series, having done so far

Previous Notables (Click to see the Blog):
George III
George IV
William IV
Lady Hester Stanhope
Princess Charlotte
Queen Charlotte
Princess Caroline
Queen Adelaide
Dorothea Jordan
Maria Fitzherbert

There will be many other notables coming, a full and changing list can be found here on the blog as I keep adding to it. The list so far is:

Lord Byron
Shelley
Keats
Jane Austen
Lady Caroline Lamb
Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire
Charles James Fox
William Wilberforce
Thomas Clarkson
Hannah More
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Edmund Kean
John Phillip Kemble
John Burgoyne
Harriet Mellon
Mary Robinson
Wellington (the Military man)
Nelson
Howe
St. Vincent
Packenham
General Banastre Tarleton
Henry Paget
Stapleton Cotton
Thomas Picton
Constable
Lawrence
Cruikshank
Gillray
Rowlandson

Patronesses of Almacks
Emily Lamb, Lady Cowper
Amelia Stewart, Viscountess Castlereagh
Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey
Maria Molyneux, Countess of Sefton
Mrs. Drummond Burrell
Dorothea Lieven, Countess de Lieven, wife of the Russian Ambassador
Countess Esterhazy, wife of the Austrian Ambassador

Widgets

If you take a look at the sidebar on the right (and even click on the links to the books and buy a few) you will notice that there are now some hyperlink widgets to previous posts, so they will be easy to find. There are even a double list for some where the website has more detail then the old blog posts that are here.

The plan will be to have much of the references of the history from the blog displayed on the right sidebar (also giving you a chance to buy some of my works, the only way I can afford to go to the supermarket to get food) including a list linking you to the Prime Ministers, the Lexicon, and other research that has been posted here.

Kickstarter

For those who have been following the Sunday Posts, they know that this is the day we release another chapter in the Duology, Steam and Thunder. So far we have released 8 chapters and that is over half of the first book. This is a call for artists who would like to be paid, should the book go to print, and copyeditors. The plan is to make this a well done KickStarter project. With interior illustrations. We need quotes though so we can price out the project. Please get in touch with us.

NaNo Novel

It is that time of year again, and next week we begin the first draft of Food and Art. A contemporary romance. During NaNoWriMo I shall be hard at work to do a post of the Regency Personalities, write 20 pages a day, look for work, and edit more of The Prize is Not As Great As You Think, our Ruritania Romance that goes up on Wednesdays.

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A Regency Era Timeline 1837 in Progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1837 thru Victoria. (From what I can see now, after starting the project months ago, it looks like I capped things off at the ascension of Victoria):

Year	Month Day	Event
1837	Jan 2	Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev (d.1910), composer (Tamara), was born in Nizhny-Novgorod, Russia.
1837	Jan 11	John Field (54), Irish pianist, composer (Nocturnes), died.
1837	Jan 11	Francois Gerard (66), French baron, painter, died.
1837	Jan 22	An earthquake in southern Syria killed thousands.
1837	Jan	26, Michigan became the 26th state of the US.
1837	Feb 5	Dwight L. Moody (d.1899), evangelist, was born. He founded the Moody Bible Institute. “No man can resolve himself into Heaven.”
1837	Feb 7	Sir James Augustus Henry Murray, Scottish lexicographer and editor, was born. He created the Oxford Dictionary.
1837	Feb 8	The Senate selected Richard Mentor Johnson as the vice president of the United States. Johnson was nominated for vice president on the Democratic ticket with Martin Van Buren in 1836. When Johnson failed to receive a majority of the popular vote, the election was thrown into the Senate for the first and only time. Johnson won the election in the Senate by a vote of 33 to 16.
1837	Feb 12	Thomas Moran (d.1926), American painter, was born in Bolton, England. His paintings of Yellowstone helped persuade Congress to designate it a national park.
1837	Feb 13	There was a riot in NY over the high price of flour.
1837	Feb 25	Cheyney University was established in Pennsylvania through the bequest of Richard Humphreys, and became the oldest institution of higher learning for African Americans. It was initially named the African Institute. However, the name was changed several weeks later to the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY). In subsequent years, the university was renamed Cheyney Training School for Teachers (July 1914), Cheyney State Teacher’s College (1951), Cheyney State College (1959), and eventually Cheyney Univ. of Pennsylvania (1983).
1837	Mar 1	William Dean Howells (d.1920), US author, critic and editor, was born. He edited the work of William James at the Atlantic Monthly. “We are creatures of the moment; we live from one little space to another; and only one interest at a time fills these.” “If we like a man’s dream, we call him a reformer; if we don’t like his dream, we call him a crank.”
1837	Mar 3	US President Andrew Jackson and Congress recognized the Republic of Texas.
1837	Mar 3	Congress increased Supreme Court membership from 7 to 9.
1837	Mar 4	Martin Van Buren was inaugurated as 8th President.
1837	Mar 4	When Pres. Jackson left office there followed a financial crash and a bitter depression and the government was again forced to borrow money. Pres. Jackson had returned surplus government funds to the state governments as bonuses.
1837	Mar 4	The Illinois state legislature granted a city charter to Chicago.
1837	Mar 4	Weekly Advocate changed its name to the Colored American.
1837	Mar 17	Upon his return to his home in Tennessee, Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the U.S., proclaimed that he left office “with barely $90 in my pocket.” The old soldier and war hero who had served as president for eight years, spoke those words when he returned to his home in Tennessee.
1837	Mar 18	Stephen Grover Cleveland was born in Caldwell, N.J. He was the 22nd (1885-1889) and 24th (1893-1897) president of the United States, the only President elected for two nonconsecutive terms.
1837	Mar 24	Canada gave blacks the right to vote.
1837	Mar 28	Felix Mendelssohn married Cecile Jeanrenaud.
1837	Mar 31	John Constable (60), English painter, water colors painter, died. His work included some 100 studies of the sky done between 1821-1822. In 2009 Martin Gayford authored “Constable in Love: Love, Landscape, Money and the Making of a Great Painter.”
1837	Apr 3	John Burroughs (d.1921), American author and naturalist, was born. “Time does not become sacred to us until we have lived it, until it has passed over us and taken with it a part of ourselves.”
1837	Apr 5	Algernon Charles Swinburne (d.1909), English poet (Atalanta in Calydon), was born.
1837	Apr 15	Horace Porter (d.1921), Bvt Brig General (Union Army), was born.
1837	Apr 17	J. Pierpont Morgan (d.1913), American financier, was born in Hartford, Conn. J.P. Morgan later owned U.S. Steel and International Harvester. In 1999 Jean Strouse published the biography “Morgan: American Financier.”
1837	May 2	Henry Martyn Roberts, parliamentarian (Robert’s Rules of Order).
1837	May 5	Niccolo Antonio Zingarelli (85), Italian composer, bandmaster, died.
1837	May 9	“Sherrod” burned in Mississippi River below Natchez, Miss., and 175 died.
1837	May 27	Legendary gunfighter James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok was born in Troy Grove, IL. As a youth, Hickok helped his father operate an Underground Railroad stop for runaway slaves and during the Civil War became a daring Union scout. After the war Hickok’s fame as a skilled marksman, Indian fighter and frontier marshal grew, leading to a stint as a featured attraction with Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show. On August 2, 1876, Hickok was shot from behind and killed while playing poker in Saloon No. 10 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. Contrary to his custom, Hickok was sitting with his back to the door.
1837	May 29	Luca Fumagalli, composer, was born.
1837	May 29	Alexander F. de Savornin Lohmann, Dutch minister, party leader (CHU), was born.
1837	May 31	Astor Hotel opened in NYC. It later became the Waldorf-Astoria. John Jacob Astor bought up foreclosed properties during the financial bust. He later sold them for a 10-fold profit.
1837	Jun 17	Vincent Strong, Civil War Union Colonel (killed in action at Gettysburg in 1863), was born.
1837	Jun 20	Queen Victoria (18) ascended the British throne following the death of her uncle, King William IV (b.1765). She ruled for 63 years to 1901.
1837		Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code.
1837		Great Western–first ocean-going steamship.
1837		The United States officially recognizes Texas as independent. Mexico does not.
1837		Britain invites the U.S. and France to participate in international patrols to interdict slave ships. The U.S. declines to participate.
1837		May)  Sam Morse patents the telegraph.
1837		A revolt by the French and some Anglos in Canada fails.
1837		In the Japanese city of Osaka in the wake of the famine, rebellion and fire destroy one-fourth of the city before the rebellion is crushed. At Edo (now Tokyo), a U.S. ship arrives to repatriate shipwrecked Japanese sailors, to establish trade and land missionaries. The ship is fired upon and driven away.

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A Regency Era Timeline 1836 in Progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1836:

Year	Month Day	Event
1836	Jan 5	Davy Crockett arrived in Texas just in time to die at the Alamo.
1836	Jan 18	Knife aficionado Jim Bowie arrived at the Alamo to assist its Texas defenders.
1836	Jan 27	Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (masochism), was born.
1836	Feb 7	The essays “Sketches by Boz” were published by Charles Dickens.
1836	Feb 12	Mexican General Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande en route to the Alamo.
1836	Feb 17	HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin left Tasmania.
1836	Feb 18	Swami Ramakrishna [Gadadhar Chatterji], Indian mystic, Hindu leader, was born.
1836	Feb 21	Leo Delibes, ballet composer (Coppelia), was born in Saint-Germain-du-Val, France.
1836	Feb 23	The Alamo was besieged by Santa Anna. Thus began the siege of the Alamo, a 13-day moment in history that turned a ruined Spanish mission in San Antonio, Texas, into a shrine known and revered the world over.
1836	Feb 24	Winslow Homer (d.1910), American painter, was born. He began his career as an illustrator for Harper’s Weekly during America’s Civil War. He is believed to have died a virgin and took up a hermit’s life in his mid 40s. He captured the look and spirit of 19th century American life.
1836	Feb 24	Some 3,000 Mexicans under Gen. Santa Ana launched an assault on the Alamo, with its 182 Texan defenders. The siege lasted 13 days.
1836	Feb 25	Samuel Colt patented the first revolving barrel multi-shot firearm. This allowed the shooter to fire 5 or 6 times before reloading.
1836	Feb 27	Mexican forces under General Jose de Urrea defeated Texan forces at the Battle of San Patricio.
1836	Mar 2	Texas declared its independence from Mexico on Sam Houston’s 43rd birthday. The first vice-president was Lorenzo de Zavala. Mexico refused to recognize Texas but diplomatic relations were established with the US, Britain and France. Texas was an independent republic until 1845.
1836	Mar 2	Mexican forces under General Jose de Urrea defeated Texan forces at the Battle of Agua Dulce.
1836	Mar 5	Samuel Colt manufactured the 1st pistol, a 34-caliber “Texas” model.
1836	Mar 6	The Alamo fell after fighting for 13 days. Angered by a new Mexican constitution that removed much of their autonomy, Texans seized the Alamo in San Antonio in December 1835. Mexican president General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna marched into Texas to put down the rebellion. By late February, 1836, 182 Texans, led by Colonel William Travis, held the former mission complex against Santa Anna’s [3,000] 6,000 troops. At 4 a.m. on March 6, after fighting for 13 days, Santa Anna’s troops charged. In the battle that followed, all the Alamo defenders were killed while the Mexicans suffered about 2,000 casualties. Santa Anna dismissed the Alamo conquest as “a small affair,” but the time bought by the Alamo defenders’ lives permitted General Sam Houston to forge an army that would win the Battle of San Jacinto and, ultimately, Texas’ independence. Mexican Lt. Col. Pena later wrote a memoir: “With Santa Anna in Texas: Diary of Jose Enrique de la Pena,” that described the capture and execution of Davy Crockett and 6 other Alamo defenders. In 1975 a translation of the diary by Carmen Perry (d.1999) was published. Apparently, only one Texan combatant survived Jose María Guerrero, who persuaded his captors he had been forced to fight. Women, children, and a black slave, were spared.
1836	Mar 6	HMS Beagle and Darwin reached King George’s Sound, Australia.
1836	Mar 12	Mexican forces under General Jose de Urrea defeated Texan forces at the Battle of Refugio.
1836	Mar 13	Refugees from the Alamo arrived in Gonzales, Texas, and informed Gen. Sam Houston of the March 6, fall of the Alamo. Houston immediately ordered a retreat.
1836	Mar 16	Andrew S. Hallidie, inventor (cable car), was born.
1836	Mar 16	The Republic of Texas approved a constitution.
1836	Mar 17	David G. Burnet (1788-1870) became interim president of Texas and continued to Oct 22, 1836. he became the second Vice President of the Republic of Texas (1839-41), and Secretary of State (1846) for the new state of Texas after it was annexed to the United States of America.
1836	Mar 20	At Coleto Creek, Texas, Colonel James Fannin after being surrounded by Mexican forces under General Urrea, agreed to surrender to Colonel Juan Jose Holzinger. Fannin was unaware that General Santa Anna had decreed execution for all rebels. Urrea negotiated the surrender “at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government,” falsely stating that no prisoner taken on those terms had lost his life.
1836	Mar 23	Coin Press was invented by Franklin Beale.
1836	Mar 26	Mexican Colonel Jose Nicolas de la Portilla received orders from Gen. Santa Anna in triplicate to execute his Texan prisoners at Goliad.
1836	Mar 27	The first Mormon temple was dedicated, in Kirtland, Ohio.
1836	Mar 27	Mexican Colonel Jose Nicolas de la Portilla executed his Texan prisoners at Goliad. Colonel Portilla had the 342 Texians marched out of Fort Defiance into three columns. The Texians were then fired on at point-blank range. The wounded and dying were then clubbed and stabbed. Those who survived the initial volley were run down by the Mexican cavalry.
1836	Mar 31	The first monthly installment of The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens was published in London.
1836	Mar	George Yount became the grantee of the Rancho Caymus (11,814 acres), the first US citizen to be ceded a Spanish land grant in Napa Valley, Ca., in exchange for making wooden shingles for Gen. Mariano Vallejo. In Oct 1843 he was deeded the Rancho de La Jota (4,053 acres).
1836	Mar	Thousands of English speaking Texans abandoned their homes as the Mexican army advanced following the fall of the Alamo. They fled toward Louisiana in what came to be called the “Runaway Scrape.”
1836	Apr 9-10	Helen Jewett, a prostitute in a Thomas St. bordello in Manhattan, was murdered. Her boyfriend, Richard P. Robinson (17), a clerk for a local merchant and engaged to a woman of good pedigree, was tried for the murder but acquitted. In 1998 Patricia Cline Cohen published “The Murder of Helen Jewett,” an account of the story.
1836	Apr 20	The Territory of Wisconsin was established by Congress.
1836	Apr 20	Johan I Jozef (75), monarch of Liechtenstein, field marshal, died.
1836	Apr 21	Some 910 Texians led by Sam Houston, the former governor of Tennessee, defeated the Mexican army under Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna at San Jacinto. The victory in the 18 minute battle sealed Texan independence from Mexico. Houston counted 9 fatalities. 630 Mexicans were killed out of some 1,250 troops. Some 700 were taken prisoner.
1836	May 6	Christian Ignatius Latrobe (78), composer, died.
1836	May 9	HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin departed Port Louis, Mauritius.
1836	May 16	Edgar Allan Poe (27) married Virginia Clem (13) in Richmond, Virginia.
1836	May 17	Joseph Norman Lockyer, discovered helium, was born. He founded Nature magazine.
1836	May 18	Wilhelm Steinitz was born. The Czech-born world chess champion (1866-94) later became a naturalized American.
1836	May 19	Comanche warriors in Texas attacked Fort Parker and kidnapped Cynthia Ann Parker (9) and several others. She was recaptured by whites in 1860 and was forced to live among whites until her death in 1871. Her son Quanah (d.1911) escaped capture and grew up to become leader of the Quahadi, the most feared subset of the Comanche. In 2010 S.C. Gwynne authored “Empire of the Southern Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History.”
1836	May 27	Jay Gould, US railroad executive, financier, was born.
1836	May 31	HMS Beagle anchored in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.
1836	Jun 10	Yamaoka Tesshu, Japanese swordsman, was born.
1836	Jun 10	Andre M. Ampere, French mathematician, physicist (Amp), died.
1836	Jun 15	Arkansas became the 25th state.
1836	Jun 23	Congress approved the Deposit Act, which contained a provision for turning over surplus federal revenue to the states.
1836	Jun 26	Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, author, composer (“La Marseillaise”), died.
1836	Jun 28	James Madison (85), the 4th president of the United States (1809-17), died in Montpelier, Va. His writings included the 29 Federalist essays. In 1999 “James Madison: Writings,” edited by Jack N. Rakove, was published. In 2002 Garry Wills authored James Madison.”
1836	Jun	In NYC Richard P. Robinson was found not guilty of the murder of Helen Jewett by a jury after 10 minutes of deliberation.
1836	Jul 4	The territorial government of Wisconsin was established.
1836	Jul 4	Narcissa Prentiss Whitman and Eliza Hart Spaulding made a marker at South Pass Wyoming as the first European women to cross the continent.
1836	Jul 6	French General Thomas Bugeaud defeated Abd al-Kader’s forces beside the Sikkak River in Algeria.
1836	Jul 11	Pres. Jackson, alarmed by the growing influx of state bank notes being used to pay for public land purchases, issued the Specie Circular shortly before leaving office. This order commanded the Treasury to no longer accept paper notes as payment for such sales. This led to the financial panic of 1837.
1836	Jul 15	William Winter, drama critic and essayist for The New York Times, was born.
1836	Jul 20	Charles Darwin climbed Green Hill on Ascension.
1836	Aug 7	Evander McIvor Law (d.1920), Brig General (Confederate Army), was born in South Carolina.
1836	Aug 14	Walter Besant (d.1901), English writer, philanthropist (Rebel Queen), was born.
1836	Aug 22	Archibald M. Willard, US, artist (Spirit of ’76), was born.
1836	Aug 25	Bret Harte (d.1902), American author and journalist (Outcasts of Poker Flat), was born in Albany, NY. “The only sure thing about luck is that it will change.” [1839 also given as a birth date]
1836	Sep 1	Protestant missionary Dr. Marcus Whitman led a party to Oregon. His wife, Narcissa, was one of the first white women to travel the Oregon Trail.
1836	Sep 1	Reconstruction began on Synagogue of Rabbi Judah Hasid in Jerusalem.
1836	Sep 5	Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas.
1836	Sep 10	Joseph Wheeler II, Maj Gen of the Confederacy, Cavalry, Army of Tennessee, was born.
1836	Sep 12	Mexican authorities crushed the revolt which broke out on August 25.
1836	Sep 14	Aaron Burr, the 3rd US Vice President, died. He had served as vice-president under Thomas Jefferson. Burr is alleged to have fathered a black illegitimate son named John Pierre Burr. In 1999 Roger W. Kennedy authored “Burr, Hamilton and Jefferson: A Study in Character.” In 2007 Nancy Isenberg authored “Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr.”
1836	Oct 2	Darwin returned to England aboard HMS Beagle after 5 years abroad. He visited Brazil, the Galapagos Islands, and New Zealand. His studies were important to his theory of evolution, which he put forth in his groundbreaking scientific work of 1859, “The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.”
1836	Oct 22	Sam Houston was inaugurated as the first constitutionally elected president of the Republic of Texas.
1836	Oct 24	A. Phillips patented the match.
1836	Oct	Don Juan Alvarado, president of the 7-man legislature in the Mexican territory of California, fled Monterey with his deputies to Mission San Juan Bautista under threats from Lt. Col. Nicolas Gutierrez, the military governor. There they formed plans for a coup.
1836	Nov 4	Don Juan Alvarado and a group of followers forced the surrender of Lt. Col. Nicolas Gutierrez, the military governor  Monterey. The quickly drafted a constitution and proclaimed California independent of Mexico. Officials in southern California refused to recognize Alvarado’s government and he agreed to make California a territory of Mexico with himself as governor.
1836	Nov 6	Charles X (79), King of France (1824-30), died.
1836	Nov 10	Charles Louis Napoleon (1808-1873), nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, failed in an attempted coup at Strasbourg and was exiled to the US by the government of Louis Philippe.
1836	Nov 18	William S. Gilbert (d.1911), English playwright, librettist and humorist, was born. He was one half of Gilbert & Sullivan.  “Life is a joke that’s just begun.”
1836	Nov 27	Carle [Antoine CH] Vernet, French painter and lithographer, died.
1836	Dec 7	Martin Van Buren (d.1862) was elected the eighth president of the United States and served one term. He was known as the “Little Magician” and the “Red Fox of Kinderhook.” The eighth president earned these monikers for his political adroitness and skill at keeping his thoughts close to the vest.
1836	Dec 28	Spain recognized the independence of Mexico.
1836		Charles Darwin on ‘The Beagle’ visits Sydney, Hobart, and Albany.
1836		In Hobart he crosses the Derwent by a steamboat made in Sydney.
1836		Leopold von Sacher-Masoch was born in Lemberg, Galicia. He was the author of “Venus in Furs.” He voluntarily enslaved himself to Fanny von Pister and later to his bride Aurore Rumelin. The term masochism was derived from his name.
1836		Thomas Cole, Hudson River School painter, painted “The Course of Empire,” a series of 5 paintings chronicling the rise and fall of a great civilization.
1836		Auguste Mayer painted “Scene from the Battle of Trafalgar.”
1836		Edward Lane (1801-1876), English orientalist, published “Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians,” a classic account of Egyptian society.
1836		Augustus Pugin (1812-1852), English Gothic architect and designer, authored “Contrasts,” the first ever architectural manifesto.
1836		Constantine Samuel Rafinisque (1783-1840), naturalist, wrote “The American Nations,” which contained what he claimed to be the deciphered ancient document written by the Lenape (Delaware) Indians called the Walam Olum.
1836		King Kamehameha III formed the Royal Hawaiian Band.
1836		Meyerbeer composed his opera “Les Huguenots” with a libretto by Scribe. It was set around the 16th century Catholic and Protestant struggle that exploded with the 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
1836		In Boston a small group of New England intellectuals began gathering at the home of minister George Ripley to discuss issues of religious and philosophical importance. The group, known as the Transcendental Club, disbanded in 1840. In 2007 Philip F. Gura authored “American Transcendentalism: A History.”
1836		Father Veniaminov, later canonized, as St. Innokenty of Alaska, spent 3 months at Fort Ross, Ca., baptizing, burying and teaching.
1836		Pres. Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1836. Not until the Federal Reserve Act of 1911 did the US Government get back its monopoly on the creation of money. [see the New York Free Banking Act of 1838]
1836		Pres. Jackson named Martin Van Buren as his successor and Col. Richard Johnson as the vice presidential candidate, despite Johnson’s mulatto mistress and 2 illegitimate children.
1836		The US Congress, led by congressman and former president J.Q. Adams, voted to accept the 100,000 gold sovereign donation of Englishman James Smithson and establish the Smithsonian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. The actual Institution was not established until 1846.
1836		Roger Brooke Taney was confirmed as US Chief Justice.
1836		The 4-wheeled steam locomotive John Hancock was built with vertical boilers, cylinders and driving rods that gave its class the nickname “grasshoppers.”
1836		Isaac Wade Ross, Revolutionary war hero, died in Mississippi. His will stipulated that his slaves should be emancipated upon his death, but only if they agreed to go to Liberia. The 1st of almost 200 were finally set free in 1848. In 2004 Alan Huffman authored “Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today.”
1836		Nathan Rothschild, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, died in London. His younger brother James took charge of the business.
1836		The London-based Anti Slavery International human rights group was founded.
1836		Britain’s Peninsula and Oriental Steam Navigation (P&O Line) was founded to carry mail among Portugal, Spain and England and later expanded to passenger service. In 2005 Dubai’s DP World purchased the company for $5.7 billion.
1836		The 107-foot-tall Egyptian Obelisk reached Paris. [see 1829]
1836		The oldest shop in the Galerie Vivienne, Paris, France, is Librarie Jousseaume (nos. 45,46,47), which opened in 1836 and has been owned for the past 100 years by the Jousseaume family. Books span the 18th century to the present.
1836		In France the medieval timber roof of the Chartres cathedral burned. Architect J.B. Lassus replaced it with an innovative roof of iron.
1836		La Fenice opera house in Venice burned down for the 1st time.
1836		Spain’s central government revoked the Basque’s fiscal privileges. These were restored in 1979.
1836		Seitnazar Seyidi (b.1775) and Kurbandurdy Zelili (b.1780), Turkmenistan poets, died. Both are considered to be successors of Makhtum Kuli.
1836		In Uruguay the Colorado party and the National Party were formed.
1836-1838		Sam Houston (1793-1863), US soldier and political leader, was president of the Republic of Texas.
1836-1845		Texas was an independent republic.
1836-1922		In 2004 the US government said it would digitize newspapers published over this period and make them available to the public in 2006.
1836-1926		Joseph G. Cannon, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives: “By descent, I am one-fourth German, one-fourth Irish, one-fourth English, and another quarter French. My God! If my ancestors are permitted to look down upon me, they might perhaps upbraid me. But I am also an American!”
1836		Sam Colt receives a patent for his revolver in the United States.
1836		Britain has been emancipating slaves in its Cape Colony. Boers in the colony dislike it. From 10,000 to 14,000 Boers begin their Great Trek away from British rule and toward new lands to occupy.
1836		Pope Gregory XVI bans railways in his Papal States, calling them “ways of the devil.”
1836		Anglo Texans are defeated at the Alamo. They declare Texas independent and go on to defeat Mexico’s military forces.

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A Regency Era Timeline 1834 in Progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1834:

Year	Month Day	Event
1834	Jan 10	Lord Acton [John E.E. Dalberg], English historian and editor of The Rambler, a Roman Catholic monthly, was born.
1834	Jan 29	President Jackson ordered the 1st use of US troops to suppress a labor dispute. Jackson ordered the War Department to put down a “riotous assembly” near Willamsport, Maryland, among Irish laborers constructing the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.
1834	Jan	New of the failure of business houses and banks in Philadelphia, NY, and Washington heralded the newspapers.
1834	Feb 8	Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (d.1907), Russian chemist, was born. He formulated the periodic table of elements.
1834	Feb 9	Franz Xaver Witt, composer, was born.
1834	Feb 26	New York and New Jersey ratified the 1st US interstate crime compact.
1834	Mar 6	The city of York in Upper Canada was incorporated as Toronto.
1834	Mar 22	Horace Greeley published “New Yorker,” a weekly literary and news magazine and forerunner of Harold Ross’ more successful “The New Yorker.”
1834	Mar 24	John Wesley Powell, US, geologist, explorer, ethnologist, was born.
1834	Mar 24	William Morris, English craftsman, poet, socialist, was born.
1834	Mar 28	The US Senate voted to censure Pres. Jackson for the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States. The Senate declared that Pres. Andrew Jackson: “in the last executive proceedings in relation to the public revenue, has assumed upon himself authority and power not conferred by the constitution and laws, but in derogation of both.”
1834	Apr 1	Isidore Edouard Legouix, composer, was born.
1834	Apr 2	Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor (Statue of  Liberty), was born in Colmar, France.
1834	Apr 13	HMS Beagle anchored at river mouth of Rio Santa Cruz, Patagonia.
1834	Apr 15	The Honore Daumier painting “Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril 1834” showed the ghastly aftermath of a civilian massacre by French government forces.
1834	Apr 18	William Lamb became the prime minister of England.
1834	Apr 26	Artemus Ward, (Charles Farrar Browne), humorist, was born.
1834	Apr 29	Charles Darwin’s expedition saw the top of Andes from Patagonia.
1834	May 5	The first mainland railway line opened in Belgium.
1834	May 5	Charles Darwin’s expedition continued at Rio Santa Cruz.
1834	May 20	The Marquis de Lafayette (78), US Revolutionary War hero (Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier), died in Paris, France. He was the 1st foreigner to address Congress. In 2002 Congress moved to make him an honorary US citizen. In 1983 Olivier Bernier authored “Lafayette, Hero of Two Worlds.” In 200 Harlow Giles Unger authored “Lafayette.”
1834	Jun 2	The 5th national black convention met in NYC.
1834	Jun 21	Cyrus Hall McCormick received a patent for his reaping machine.
1834	Jun 30	Congress passed the final Indian Intercourse Act. In addition to regulating relations between Indians living on Indian land and non-Indians, this final act identified an area known as “Indian country”. This land was described as being “…all that part of the United States west of the Mississippi and not within the states of Missouri and Louisiana, or the territory of Arkansas…” This is the land that became known as Indian Territory. Oklahoma was declared Indian Territory.
1834	16-Jul	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
1834	Jul 10	James Abbott McNeil Whistler (d.1903), US expatriate painter famous for painting his mother, was born.
1834	Jul 15	Lord Napier of England arrived at Macao, China as the first chief superintendent of trade.
1834	Jul 19	Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas (d.1917), French impressionist painter. His mother was a Creole and he journeyed to New Orleans in 1872. His work included “The Millinery Shop,” “Combing the Hair,” “Nude Fixing Her Hair,” “Two Dancers” (c1890-1898), “Frieze of Dancers” (1893-1898), “Self Portrait” (c1863-1865 & c1895-1900) and “Blue Dancers” (1895). He also collected art and by the time of his death had amassed more than 500 paintings and 5,000 prints. The collection was auctioned off in Paris from Mar 1918 to Jul 1919. His time in New Orleans is covered in the 1997 book “Degas in New Orleans: Encounters in the Creole World of Kate Chopin and George Washington Cable” by Christopher Benfey.
1834	Jul 23	James Gibbons, American religious leader and founder of Catholic University, was born.
1834	Jul 25	Samuel Taylor Coleridge (b.1772), English poet, died. He and his friend William Wordsworth were among the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and later identified, along with Robert Southey, as the Lake School of poets. Coleridge’s work included “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” “Frost at Midnight” and “Kubla Khan.” In his later life he authored the “Bibliographia Literaria,” a work of literary theory. In 1999 Richard Holmes published “Coleridge: Darker Reflections, 1804-1834,” which focused on the poet’s later life. His volume “Coleridge: Early Visions” was published in 1989. In 2007 Adam Sisman authored “The Friendship: Wordsworth & Coleridge.”
1834	Aug 1	The British Emancipation Act went into effect abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire. This ended slavery in Canada, in the West Indies and in all Caribbean holdings. Some 35,000 slaves were freed in the Cape Colony. The Minstrels Parada in Cape Town, SA, originated as a spontaneous outpouring of marches, music and dancing to mark the abolition of slavery.
1834	Aug 18	Mt. Vesuvius erupted.
1834	Aug 31	Amilcare Ponchielli, composer (La Gioconda), was born in Paderno, Italy.
1834	Aug	The barque Charles Eaton was wrecked on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. 2 years later the schooner Isabella arrived in Sydney with the cabin boy of the lost ship, a 5-year old child and 17 skulls of passengers murdered on Boydang Island. This event prompted an expedition to survey the reef, the Torres Strait and the southern coast of new Guinea. In 2005 Jordan Goodman authored “The Rattlesnake: A Voyage of Discovery to the Coral Sea,” an account of the survey expedition.
1834	Sep 9	Parliament passed the Municipal Corporations Act, reforming city and town governments in England.
1834	Sep 16	The Bank of the US abandoned its policy of loan curtailment as Nicholas Biddle moved to secure a new charter from the state of Pennsylvania.
1834	Sep 27	Charles Darwin returned to Valparaiso.
1834	Oct 8	Francois-Adrien Boiledieu (58), composer (La Dame Blanche), died.
1834	Oct 16	In London the Houses of Parliament caught fire and many historic documents were burned. J.M.W. created two oil paintings of the burning of the Houses of Parliament.
1834	Oct	Constantine Samuel Rafinisque submitted an essay to the Royal Institute of France on the language of the Delaware Indians.
1834	14-Nov	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
1834	Nov 1	The 1st published reference to poker was as Mississippi riverboat game.
1834	Nov 10	HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin sailed from Valparaiso.
1834	Nov 14	William Thomson entered Glasgow Univ. at 10 yrs 4 months.
1834	Nov 21	HMS Beagle anchored at Bay of San Carlos, Chile.
1834	Nov 23	Hector Berlioz’s “Harold in Italy,” premiered.
1834	Nov 25	Jean-Baptist Colyns, composer, was born.
1834	Nov 25	Delmonico’s, one of NY’s finest restaurants, provided a meal of soup, steak, coffee & half a pie for 12 cents.
1834	Nov	John Heckewelder, Moravian missionary, published a list of Lenape Indian names, a Delaware Indian tribe.
1834	10-Dec	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet
1834	Dec 3	1st US dental society was organized in NY.
1834	Dec 10	Robert Peel (1788-1850) became prime minister of Britain after launching the first national election manifesto in British history.
1834	Dec 23	Joseph Hansom of London received a patent for Hansom cabs.
1834	Dec 25	Charles Darwin celebrated Christmas on Beagle at Tres Montes, Chile.
1834	Dec 27	Charles Lamb (b.1775), English critic, poet, essayist, died. “No one ever regarded the first of January with indifference. It is the nativity of our common Adam.”
1834	Dec 29	Thomas R. Malthus (b.1766), English vicar, economist (“Essay On Population”), died.
1834	Dec	Constantine Samuel Rafinisque submitted a supplement to the Royal Institute of France to his essay on the language of the Delaware Indians.
1834		Charles Babbage develops his analytic engine–the forerunner of the computer.
1834		Fox Talbot produces photographs.
1834		Britain’s Abolition Slavery Act goes into effect, with the British government prepared to compensate financially those who lose slaves. In Canada many slaves had been freed years before. The remaining 781,000 slaves are freed, but no claims for compensation are submitted.
1834		The Queen Mother, Maria Christina, fourth wife of Ferdinand VII, who died in 1833, officially ends Spain’s Inquisition.
1834		James McNeill Whistler (d.1903), American painter and etcher, was born in Lowell Mass., the son of a civil engineer. He grew up in St. Petersburg, Russia, where his father was overseeing a railway line. He attended West Point and was expelled. He left the US for good at age 21 and painted beside Gustave Courbet. He worked in France and England after 1855. He painted “The White Girl.”
1834		Honore Daumier created his lithograph “The Legislative Belly.”
1834		Frederick Marryat authored the novel “Jacob Faithfully.” The term Shiver My Timbers!, an expletive denoting surprise or disbelief, was first seen in this book. It alluded to a ship’s striking a rock or shoal so hard that her timbers shiver. In 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson found the term to be the perfect exclamation for the irascible Long John Silver: “So! Shiver me timbers, here’s Jim Hawkins!” This stereotypical expletive became extremely popular with writers of sea yarns and Hollywood swashbucklers.
1834		“Turkey in the Straw” became a popular tune in the US.
1834		Gaetano Donizetti had the premier of his opera “Rosmonda d’Inghilterra,” a story of Rosamond Clifford, who was put in a tower by her lover King Henry II.
1834		A new brass plaque was forged in 1996 for the San Francisco Pioneer Monument that reads: With their efforts over in 1934, the missionaries left behind about 56,000 converts- and 150,000 dead. Half the original native American population had perished during this time from diseases, armed attacks and mistreatment.
1834		Pres. Jackson had special 1804 silver dollars minted for the sultan of Muscat (later Oman) and the King of Siam (later Thailand) for trade treaties negotiated by Edmund Roberts.
1834		Roger Brooke Taney was nominated to the US Supreme Court.
1834		New York and New Jersey made a compact over Ellis Island, then a 3-acre site that held that the surrounding submerged land belonged to New Jersey. By 1998 the island was 27.5 acres due to landfill and its ownership was under contention.
1834		California’s 1st printing press, an old wooden Ramage press, was off-loaded at Monterey, Ca. It later produced the 1st issues of 5 California newspapers of the gold rush. It was burned by ruffians in Columbia, Ca, on Nov 13, 1861.
1834		Orders to secularize the California missions arrived from Mexico and ended mission ownership by the Franciscans. General Mariano Vallejo also arrived to Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma. General Vallejo’s job was to establish a town and so Sonoma was designed around a central plaza.
1834		A crippled Hojun-maru junk, blown off course with 3 Japanese castaways, washed ashore on Cape Flattery in Washington state. Makah Indians seized the cargo, enslaved the sailors and then sold them to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
1834		Bolivia’s Penal Code of 1834, Article 139, stated: “Anyone who conspires directly and in fact to establish another religion in Bolivia or (promotes) that the Republic cease to profess the Roman, Catholic, and Apostolic Religion, is traitor and will be punished with the death penalty.”
1834		Lord Sandys, English governor of Bengal, took a sample of an Indian sauce to an apothecary in Worcester, 100 miles northwest of London, and asked the pharmacists John Wheeley Lea and William Perrins to make a similar batch. The new batch tasted awful until it was allowed to age for a while. They then put together what became known worldwide as Worcestershire Sauce. [2nd source gave an 1835 date]
1834		Sardines were canned in Europe for the first time.
1834		Henry Fox Talbot, a wealthy English gentleman, began experimenting with silver chloride to produce photographic images.
1834		William Russell Birch (b.1755), English-born artist, died. He had settled in Philadelphia with his son in 1794 and in 1800 published 28 drawn and engraved hand-colored images of Philadelphia.
1834		Joseph-Marie Jacquard (b.1752), French loom maker and inventor, died. In 2004 James Essinger authored “Jacquard’s Web,” a biography that connects Jacquard’s work to computer technology.
1834		Eleuthere Irenee du Pont de Nemours, founder of a large gun powder operation, died. The company was re-charted as a partnership and then the French and original stockholders were all bought out buy the family. General Henry du Pont, the 2nd son of E.I. du Pont led the company till his death in 1899.
1834		Banco Economico SA was founded in Brazil. In 1995 this 8th largest bank in Brazil and the oldest bank in Latin America failed and was taken over by the central bank.
1834		After this time the Tories, a political group in the British House of Commons, preferred to use the term Conservative. The word Tories was originally used to describe rural bandits in Ireland. In the 17th century it had become a term applied to monarchists in the House of Commons. By the 18th century the Tories were politicians who favored royal authority, the established church and who sought to preserve the traditional political structure and opposed parliamentary reform.
1834		In London Joe Hansom put his Hansom cabs onto the streets.
1834		Mexico granted Don Salvio Pacheco 18,000 acres in northern California known as Monte del Diablo, which included what would later became Concord and Walnut Creek. The family later donated land to the government for roads and public buildings. The area was originally inhabited by the Bolbones Indians.
1834		A Frenchman invented a wire nail-making machine.
1834		Carl Friedrich Uhlig of Germany developed the German concertina.
1834		Slavery was abolished in Guyana and people from India were brought in to work on sugar plantations.
1834		At the Shrine of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem the ceremony of the Holy Fire led to a stampede in which many people were killed.
1834		In Madrid, Spain, a time capsule with books, documents and mementos, was buried beneath a statue of writer Miguel de Cervantes. The lead box was uncovered in December, 2009.
1834		The maharaja of Jammu was able to annex Ladakh, a West Tibetan kingdom.
1834-1840		10-20,000 Afrikaners set out on the Great Trek to get away from British rule. This was less than 20% of the Afrikaners of the frontier districts.
1834-1858		Imam Shamil (1797-1871) ruled over a self-proclaimed imamat (Chechnya). He united part of the North Caucasian highlanders in their struggle against tsarist Russia and set up a theocratic sharia state known as imamat that resisted Tsarist Russia for 27 years.
1834-1861		The Citizens Bank of Louisiana, a predecessor of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., secured loans with mortgages and thousands of slaves. Bernard de Marigny, plantation owner and one of the richest men of the epoch, put 62 slaves into the banks books as collateral for borrowed money to support his gambling habit.
1834-1888		Currier and Ives lithographs, manufactured in New York and form a sweeping pictorial record of mid-19th century America. When he first opened his shop, Nathaniel Currier had just finished an apprenticeship in lithography, an 18th-century printing process involving making images from inked stones. When an 1835 fire destroyed much of old New Amsterdam, Currier rushed a lithograph of the disaster into print. Ruins of the Merchant’s Exchange, NY (shown above) sold briskly and launched Currier’s career in pictorial journalism. In 1852, Currier hired bookkeeper and lithographer James Ives, making him a business partner in 1857. Together the two men built Currier and Ives into the most successful lithography house of their time and left a legacy of more than 7,000 prints that document the humor, political climate, current events and sentiments of mid-19th-century American life.
1834-1894		Philip G. Hamerton, English artist and essayist: “Have you ever observed that we pay much more attention to a wise passage when it is quoted than when we read it in the original author?”
1834-1896		William Morris, founder of the Socialist League and active in painting, designing, printing and literature. He was born in Walthamstow (near London), England. His biography is written by Fiona MacCarthy in 1995 and titled: William Morris: A Life for Our Time. She describes Morris as wearing Nietzsche’s “mask of the great man,” i.e. one who embraces a gargantuan cause not out of conviction but simply because he feels that this is what he is supposed to do.
1834-1896		Heinrich von Treitschke, German historian. Treitschke coined the word and concept of “lebensraum”-German for “living space”-which was later embraced by Hitler in his drive for domination of Europe. Von Treitschke believed Prussia should be a world power and should seize whatever land it needed.  German geographer Karl Haushofer took the idea to justify Germany’s need for more territory for a growing population, and that notion was subsequently taken up by Hitler and the Nazis.  Haushofer became one of Hitler’s closest advisers and his theories, known as “Weltpolitik” were among the cornerstones of Nazi expansion.
1834-1902		Lord Acton, English historian: “Liberty is not a means to a higher political end. It is itself the highest political end.”
1834-1902		John Wesley Powell, American scientist and explorer. He explored the canyons of the Green and Colorado Rivers. he was the first director of the Bureau of Ethnology and a director of the Geological Survey (1881-1892).
1834-1910		Leon Walras, French economist. He founded the marginalist school of economic thought, which held that prices depend on the level of customer demand. He developed a mathematical formulation of the mechanics of the price system with equations that tied together theories of production, exchange, money and capital. His general equilibrium theory is called “Walrasion general equilibrium” and is still part of modern economic theory.
1834-1919		Ernst Haeckel, German biologist, morphologist and philosopher. He coined the terms ecology and phylogeny and proposed the theory that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.”

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A Regency Era Timeline 1833 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1833:

Year	Month Day	Event
1833	Jan 3	Britain seized control of the Malvina Islands (Falkland Islands) in the South Atlantic. In 1982 Argentina seized the islands, but Britain took them back after a 74-day war.
1833	Jan 8	Boston Academy of Music, 1st US music school, was established.
1833	Jan 19	Louis J. Ferdinand Herold (41), French composer (Zampa), died.
1833	Jan 26	Gaetano Donizetti’s tragic opera “Lucrezia Borgia,” premiered in Milan.
1833	Jan 28	Charles George “Chinese” Gordon, general (China, Khartoum), was born in London.
1833	Feb 11	Melville Weston Fuller, 8th U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice was born.
1833	Feb 13	William Whedbee Kirkland (d.1915), Brig Gen (Confederate Army), was born.
1833	Feb 17	Lt. George Back departed Liverpool, England, on the packet ship Hibernia with 4 men to search for missing Arctic explorer Captain John Ross. Ross had left England in 1829 to seek a Northwest Passage by way of the Arctic Ocean.
1833	Mar 14	Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first woman dentist, was born.
1833	Mar 16
1833	Mar 20	The United States and Siam (now Thailand) concluded a commercial treaty in Bangkok.
1833	Apr 9	The US first tax-supported public library was founded in Peterborough, N.H.
1833	Apr 22	Richard Trevithick (b.1771), British engineer, died in Kent, England. In 1804 he built the first steam locomotive.
1833	Apr 24	A patent was granted for the first soda fountain.
1833	May 2	Czar Nicholas banned the public sale of serfs.
1833	May 6	John Deere made his 1st steel plow.
1833	May 7	Composer Johannes Brahms was born in Hamburg, Germany, and died on Apr 3, 1897. His works number through Opus 122 and included: the “Hungarian Dances,” the “Haydn Variations,” the “Violin Concerto in D Major,” “Lullaby” and compositions for the pianoforte, organ, chamber music, orchestral compositions, numerous songs, small and large choral works. A biography of his life and work was written by Karl Geiringer in 1934 titled: “Brahms: His Life and Work.” In 1997 Jan Swafford published the biography: “Johannes Brahms.” In 1998 Styra Avins published “Johannes Brahms: Life and Letters.”
1833	May 15	Edmund Kean (46), English actor (Shylock), died.
1833	May 28	Johann Christian Friedrich Haeffner (74), composer, died.
1833	May 29	William Marshall (84), composer, died.
1833	Jun 16	Lucie (Ruthy) Blackburn (30), a fugitive slave, escaped from jail in Detroit and made her way to Canada. The next day a riot erupted, “The Blackburn Riots,” as her husband, Thornton Blackburn (21), was escorted for return to slavery. Thornton escaped to Canada to join his wife. The first extradition case between the US and Canada over the issue of fugitive slaves soon followed. Canada ruled it could not extradite people to a jurisdiction that imposed harsher penalties then they would have received for the same offense in Canada and the Blackburns remained in Ontario.
1833	Jun 27	Prudence Crandall, a white woman, was arrested for conducting an academy for black women in Canterbury, Conn. The academy was eventually closed.
1833	Jul 5	Joseph Nicephore Niepce (b.1765), French inventor most noted as the inventor of photography, died. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s.
1833	Jul 27	Bartolommea Capitanio (26), Italian monastery founder, saint, died.
1833	Jul 29	William Wilberforce (b.1759), English abolitionist, died. He was best known for his efforts relating to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. A politician and philanthropist, Wilberforce was prominent from 1787 in the struggle to abolish the slave trade and slavery itself in British overseas possessions. He was an ardent and eloquent sponsor of anti-slavery legislation in the House of Commons until his retirement in 1825. Wilberforce University in Ohio, an African Methodist Episcopal Church institution (f.1856), was named for William Wilberforce. In 2008 William Hague authored “William Wilberforce: The Life of the Great Anti-Slave Trade Campaigner.”
1833	Jul	In Australia the native warrior Yagan was shot dead by teenage bounty hunters. He had been a go-between for his people and European settlers in Western Australia and later an implacable foe. His head and the tribal tattoo on his back were hacked off and taken to Britain for study and display. The body parts were returned in Sep 1997. A statue was erected in his honor on an island park in Perth in 1983. It was repeatedly vandalized and its head was sawed off in 1997 shortly after the homecoming of Yagan’s real head. In 2010 his remains were laid to rest in a traditional ceremony after his skull was recovered from Britain.
1833	Aug 7	Powell Clayton, Brig. General (Union volunteers), (Gov-R-Ark), was born in Pa.
1833	Aug 8	Lt. George Back and his team reached Fort Resolution on Great Slave Lake on their expedition to find Arctic explorer Capt. John Ross.
1833	Aug 9	Maximilian, German Prince of Wied, reached Fort McKenzie, the westernmost outpost of white settlement on the Missouri River. He was a student of natural history and planned to collect native plants and animals and to study the native people. He was accompanied by Swiss artist Karl Bodmer. Maximilian’s “Travels in the Interior of North America” was published between 1839 and 1843.
1833	Aug 11	Robert G. Ingersoll (d.1899), American lawyer and statesman and advocate of scientific realism and humanistic philosophy, was born. “Heresy is what the minority believe; it is the name given by the powerful to the doctrines of the weak.” “The history of the world shows that when a mean thing was done, man did it; when a good thing was done, man did it.” “Courage without conscience is a wild beast.”
1833	Aug 12	Chicago incorporated as a village of about 350.
1833	Aug 13	The Bank of the US under Nicholas Biddle began to contract its loans.
1833	Aug 17	The first steam ship to cross the Atlantic entirely on its own power, the Canadian ship Royal William, began her journey from Nova Scotia to The Isle of Wight.
1833	Aug 20	Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States (1889-1893) and grandson of President William Henry Harrison, was born in North Bend, Ohio.
1833	Aug 23	The British Parliament ordered the abolition of slavery in its colonies by Aug 1, 1834. This would free some 700,000 slaves, including those in the West Indies. The Imperial Emancipation Act also allowed blacks to enjoy greater equality under the law in Canada as opposed to the US.
1833	Aug 28	Edward Burne-Jones, British painter, was born.
1833	Sep 3	The first successful penny newspaper was published. Benjamin H. Day issued the first copy of “The New York Sun”. By 1826, circulation was the largest in the country at 30,000. New York’s population was over 250,000, but its 11 daily newspapers had a combined circulation of only 26,500.
1833	Sep 4	Barney Flaherty (10) answered an ad in “The New York Sun” and became the first newsboy, what we now call a paperboy.
1833	Sep 8	Charles Darwin departed to Buenos Aires.
1833	Sep 20	Petroleum V. Nasby (David Ross Locke), humorist, was born. His work was enjoyed by Abraham Lincoln.
1833	Sep 20	Charles Darwin rode a horse to Buenos Aires.
1833	Sep 27	Charles Darwin rode a horse to Santa Fe.
1833	Sep 28	Lemuel Haynes, Revolutionary War veteran, died at 88.
1833	Sep 29	King Ferdinand of Spain died and his daughter Isabella was proclaimed as queen. A civil war broke out in Spain between Carlisists, who believed Don Carlos deserved the throne, and supporters of Queen Isabella.
1833	Oct 1	Charles Darwin reached Rio Tercero, Argentina.
1833	Oct 2	The NY Anti-Slavery Society was organized.
1833	Oct 12	Charles Darwin began his return trip to Buenos Aires.
1833	Oct 19	Adam Lindsay Gordon, Australian poet, was born.
1833	Oct 20	Charles Darwin reached the river mouth of Parana.
1833	Oct 21	Alfred Bernhard Nobel (d.1896) was born in Sweden. The chemist, engineer and industrialist who invented dynamite, later established the prestigious Nobel prizes to honor the world’s greatest scientists, writers and peacemakers. In 1859, after four years in the United States, Nobel returned to Sweden and built a factory to manufacture the explosive nitro-glycerine. In 1864 the factory accidentally blew up, killing Nobel’s youngest brother and four others. Two years later, Nobel invented dynamite, a safe and manageable form of nitro-glycerine. A pacifist by nature, Nobel hoped that the destructive power of his invention would bring an end to wars.  By the time of his death on December 10, 1897, Nobel had acquired a massive fortune. In his will, he left instructions that the bulk of his estate should endow the annual Nobel prizes for those who had most contributed to the areas of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. In 1968, a sixth award for economics was established.
1833	Oct	Capt. John Ross (1877-1856), Arctic explorer, returned to England.
1833	Nov 12	Aleksandr Porfirievich Borodin (d.1887), physician, chemist, composer (Prince Igor), was born in Russia.  His work included the “Sunless” and the opera “Prince Igor,’ which was left incomplete.
1833	Nov 13	Edwin Thomas Booth, actor (Hamlet), was born.
1833	Nov 14	Charles Darwin departed by horse to Montevideo.
1833	Nov 20	Charles Darwin reached Punta Gorda and saw Rio Uruguay.
1833	Nov 28	Charles Darwin rode through Las Pietras while returning to Montevideo.
1833	Dec 3	Carlos Juan Finlay, Cuban epidemiologist, was born.
1833	Dec 3	Oberlin College in Ohio, the first truly coeducational school of higher learning in the United States, opened its doors.
1833	Dec 4	American Anti-Slavery Society was formed by Arthur Tappan in Phila.
1833	Dec 6	John Singleton Mosby (d.1916), lawyer and Col. (“Grey Ghost” of Confederate Army), was born. He later gave riding lessons to young George Patton.
1833	Dec 6	HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin departed Rio de la Plata.
1833	Dec 12	Matthias Hohner (d.1902), German manufacturer (harmonica), was born.
1833	Dec 13	HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin arrived in Port Deseado, Patagonia.
1833	Dec 25	Charles Darwin celebrated Christmas in Port Desire, Patagonia.
1833	Dec	William Beaumont (d.1853), a US Army assistant surgeon, published his new book: “Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice and the Physiology of Digestion. It was based on the digestive system of Alexis St. Martin, a fur trader who was accidentally shot in the abdomen at Fort Mackinac in 1822.
1833		Slavery is abolished throughout the British Empire.
1833		Carl von Clausewitz’ On War (vom Kriege) is published two years after his death. Clausewitz saw violence as the only proper defense against the violence of others, and he saw war as a political act for political goals.
1833		In Japan, too much rain produces crop failures and what is called the Tempo famine. (The previous famine in Japan was around fifty years before.) Prosperity comes to a temporary end. The famine is to last three years and an estimated 300,000 are to die.
1833		John Marshall Harlan (d.1911), later US Supreme Court Justice, was born.
1833		John Mohler Studebaker was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1858 joined his two older brothers in a South Bend firm producing wagons. The company went on to become the world’s largest producer of farm wagons and carriages, coining the slogan: “Always give more than you promise. From the 1920s until its closing, Studebaker was a leader in styling and engineering. Studebaker went out of business after its 1966 Avanti model.
1833		J.M.W. Turner completed his 1st oil painting “Bridge of Sighs and the Ducal Palace,” his 1st exhibited painting of Venice.
1833		James Boardman (1801-1855), English traveler and writer, authored “America and the Americans.”
1833		Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet, wrote his poem “The Bronze Horseman” (Myedny Vsadnik).
1833		In NYC Benjamin Day founded the New York Sun newspaper. He appealed to a general readership and charged a penny a copy.
1833		The NY Mechanics Institute opened to encourage the mechanical arts.
1833		American Navy pensioners moved into what was then called the Naval Asylum, a 180-room stone building on the bank of the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. The name was later changed to the Naval Home. It closed in 1977.
1833		Sylvester Graham, Presbyterian minister, preached against overindulging the appetites and warned that intemperance would lead to “diseased irritability and inflammation, painful sensibility, and finally, disorganization and death.” His whole wheat Graham flour was the main ingredient in Graham crackers.
1833		George C. Yount built the first structure in Sonoma, Ca., and planted the first grape vines in Napa Valley, the coarse Mission variety.
1833		In New Orleans the Lafayette Cemetery No. 1 opened to take in the victims of yellow fever.
1833		John Anderson, a Kentucky-based slave trader, was one of 10 dealers who, during a cholera epidemic, petitioned to move the Natchez, Miss., slave market outside the city limits.
1833		The McKesson Corp. began as a drugstore in NYC.
1833		Charles Babbage abandoned his calculator project completely in favor of a programmable machine. It was to be controlled by punched cards adapted from the devices French weavers used to control thread sequences in their looms.
1833		An improved version of the typographer (typewriter) was made in France. The early versions were chiefly for the blind as they produced embossed writing.
1833		George Fibbleton invented the first shaving machine. It was an imperfect device that left numerous scars on his face.
1833		Walter Hunt of NY state invented a lock stitching sewing machine, but it was never patented.
1833		M. Tournal published his paper General Consideration on the Phenomenon of Bone Caverns. His work is one of the first accounts which produced evidence of the contemporaneity of man and extinct animals.
1833		The British government removed the British East India Company’s monopoly of trade with China and banned it from trading in India entirely.
1833		England passed stronger measures regulating child labor.
1833		The first clearing house to exchange checks was built in London, England. Prior to this checks were exchanged informally in coffee houses.
1833		John James Audubon visited Canada’s Grand Manan Island off the southeast coast of New Brunswick to see herring gulls nesting in trees.
1833		In Paris the St. Vincent de Paul Society was founded to provide aid to the poor.
1833		The slave trade in Ghana ended.
1833		Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian revolutionary, was forced to flee Italy following a failed uprising against Austrian rule in northern Italy. In 1939 he arrived in Brazil to aid the rebel cause.
1833		In Jamaica Annie Palmer, a “white witch,” was murdered in her bed. She had reportedly murdered 3 husbands and various lovers and slaves. She was later said to haunt Rose Hall.
1833		Aoki Mokubei (b.1767), Japanese poet and potter, died.
1833		Mexico took mission property from the Church and turned out the Acagchemem Indians at Mission San Juan Capistrano.
1833		The people of Iztapalapa, Mexico, began re-enacting the Passion of Christ, to give thanks for divine protection during a cholera epidemic.
1833		Sir Henry C. Rawlinson was sent to Persia as one of a group of British officers charged with reorganizing the Shah’s army.
1833-1841		Lawyer and poet Francis Scott Key was the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia serving under three presidents. Key penned the verses to “The Star-Spangled Banner” after watching the British bombardment of Fort McHenry on the night of September 13, 1814, during the War of 1812. Key’s four-stanza verse was later put to the tune of a British drinking song and became enormously popular. It officially became the American national anthem on March 3, 1931. These were the only lyrics Key ever composed.
1833-1868		The Carlist Wars comprised the dynastic struggle in Spain between Isabelline liberalism and the reactionary rural traditionalism represented by Don Carlos. With the death of Ferdinand on September 29, 1833, and the proclamation of his daughter Isabella as queen—excluding Ferdinand’s brother Don Carlos from the succession—the First Carlist War was ignited.
1833-1905		1833-1905    Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen, German geographer and geologist. He coined the expression “Silk Road” to describe the ancient trade routes between China and the West.

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A Regency Era Timeline 1832 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1832:

Year	Month Day	Event
1832	Jan 6	Gustave Dore, illustrator (Inferno, Ancient Mariner), was born in Strasbourg, France.
1832	Jan 13	Horatio Alger, Jr., the author of more than 100 inspirational books for young people from the Civil War to the turn of the 20th century, was born the son of a Unitarian minister. Rejected by the Union Army because of asthma, Horatio Alger was a poet, teacher and newspaper correspondent before he eventually followed in his father’s footsteps and became a minister on Cape Cod. Alger is best-known, however, for his books with rags-to-riches themes. In Alger’s world, everyone, no matter how poor or powerless, could succeed through hard work, honesty and high moral values. His “pluck and luck” books of hope in the face of adversity were always bestsellers and almost every home, school and church owned a large collection. More than 250 million copies of his books have been sold worldwide. His books included “Ragged Dick” and “Tattered Tom.”
1832	Jan 23	Edouard Manet (d.1883), French impressionist painter. His work was a major influence on the young artists who created the Impressionist movement. His style was influenced by the Spanish masters, particularly Velasquez. His work included the “Execution of Maximilian,” “Luncheon on the Grass,” the pastel “Portrait of Mademoiselle Lemaire,” “In the Boat,” “La Promenade” and “Le Journal Illustre” (ca. 1878-79).
1832	Jan 27	Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (d.1898), who wrote “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” in 1865 under the pen name Lewis Carroll, was born in Cheshire, England. He was also know as a skilled photographer and did nude photography with an “intense focus on his subjects’ personalities.” Dodgson lectured on mathematics at Oxford from 1855 to 1881 and made up the stories about Alice in Wonderland for his daughter Alice and her sisters. He wrote “Through the Looking Glass” in 1872 and other children’s books. His most important mathematical work was the 1879 “Euclid and His Modern Rivals.” “If you limit your actions in life to things that nobody can possibly find fault with, you will not do much.” In 1995 Morton N. Cohen published an authoritative biography titled “Lewis Carroll: A Biography.”
1832	Feb 6	A US ship destroyed a Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy.
1832	Feb 6	There was an appearance of cholera at Edinburgh, Scotland.
1832	Feb 13	Cholera appeared in London for the 1st time.
1832	Feb 20	Charles Darwin visited Fernando Noronha in Atlantic Ocean.
1832	Feb 22	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (b.1749), poet, (Faust, Egmont) died in Weimar, Germany. Goethe had served as minister of mines under Bismarck. He completed “Faust” just before his death: “When Ideas fail, words come in handy.” In 1988 Kenneth Weisinger authored “The Classical Facade: A Non-Classical Reading of Goethe’s Criticism.” In 2006 John Armstrong authored “Love, Life, Goethe: How to Be Happy in an Imperfect World.”
1832	Feb 26	Jo George Nicolay, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln and his biographer, was born.
1832	Feb 26	The Polish constitution was abolished by Czar Nicholas I.
1832	Feb	A cholera epidemic ended in Great Britain. Some 800 people died of the disease in London. Dr. John Snow eventually traced the London epidemic to a water pump on Broad Street. [see 1849] In 2006 Steven Johnson authored “The Ghost Map,” a history of London’s cholera outbreak.
1832	Mar 4	Jean Francois Champollion (b.1790), French scholar, died. His work included the 2-volume book “Egypt Under the Pharaohs” (1814) and a translation of the hieroglyphics of the Rosetta Stone, completed in 1822.
1832	Mar 10	Muzio Clementi (79), Italian composer, died.
1832	Mar 11	Franz Melde, German physicist (Melde test), was born.
1832	Mar 12	Charles Boycott, estate manager who caused boycotts, was born in Ireland.
1832	Mar 17	Daniel Conway Moncure, U.S. clergyman, author, abolitionist, was born.
1832	Mar 24	Mormon founder, martyr Joseph Smith was beaten, tarred and feathered in Ohio.
1832	Mar 24	The British Reform Act passed the House of Commons under the Whig government. It introduced the first changes to electoral franchise legislation in almost one hundred and fifty years. On June 4 it passed the House of Lords and on June 7 received Royal Assent.
1832	Mar 26	Famed western artist George Catlin began his voyage up the Missouri River aboard the American Fur Company steamship Yellowstone. Painted Warriors.
1832	Apr 4	Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reached Rio de Janeiro.
1832	Apr 8	Charles Darwin began a trip through Rio de Janeiro.
1832	Apr 8	Some 300 American troops of the 6th Infantry left Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, to confront the Sauk Indians in what would become known as the Black Hawk War.
1832	Apr 13	James Wimshurst, British designer, inventor (electric static generator), was born.
1832	Apr 15	Wilhelm Busch, German artist, was born. He created the precursor to the cartoon strip.
1832	Apr 19	Lucretia Rudolph, President Garfield’s first lady, was born.
1832	Apr 21	Abraham Lincoln (23) assembled with his New Salem neighbors for the Black Hawk War on the Western frontier. Illinois Governor John Reynolds had called for volunteers to beat back a new Indian threat. Black Hawk, chief of the Sac and Fox Indians, had returned to his homeland at the head of a band of 450 warriors, intent on forcibly reversing the treaty he had signed 28 years earlier that ceded control of the tribe’s ancestral home in northwestern Illinois to the U.S.  government.
1832	May 5	H.H. Bancroft, historian, publisher (History of Pacific States), was born.
1832	May 7	The Treaty of London protocol was signed between Bavaria and the protecting Powers. It basically dealt with the way in which the Regency of Bavaria was to be managed until Otto of Bavaria reached his majority. Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier and Otto as king.
1832	May 12	Gaetano Donizetti’s opera “L’elisir d’amore,” premiered in Milan.
1832	May 14	Felix Mendelssohn’s “Hebrides,” premiered.
1832	May 18	Bonafacio Asioli, composer, died.
1832	May 21	The first Democratic National Convention got under way, in Baltimore and re-nominated Andrew Jackson.
1832	May 23	Samuel Sharp was hanged in Jamaica for leading a slave rebellion. He is survived by his immortal declaration: “I would rather die upon yonder gallows than live in slavery.”
1832	May 31	Evariste Galois (b.1811), French mathematician who developed a general theory of equations, died from wounds suffered in a duel. In 2005 Mario Livio authored “The Equation That couldn’t Be Solved: How Mathematical Genius Discovered the Language of Symmetry.”
1832	Jun 5	In Paris an insurrection took place during General Lamarque’s funeral when insurgents got as far as the Rue Montorgueil and were then driven back.
1832	Jun 6	Jeremy Bentham (b.1748), English social reformer, died. He had his body preserved at the Univ. College, London. Bentham was later considered the father of utilitarianism. He thought that enlightened policymakers should seek the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people.
1832	Jun 7	The British Reform Act received royal assent and became law. The act, pressed through by PM Earl Grey, forestalled a revolution by increasing the number of people who were eligible to vote.
1832	Jul 1	The firm Jardine, Matheson & Co. was founded in Canton following a meeting between William Jardine and another Scots trader, James Matheson from Sutherland.
1832	Jul 4	The song “America” was sung publicly for the first time at a Fourth of July celebration by a group of children at Park Street Church in Boston. The words were written on a scrap of paper in half an hour by Dr. Samuel Francis Smith, a Baptist minister, and were set to the music of “God Save the King.”
1832	Jul 5	The German government began curtailing freedom of the press after German Democrats advocate a revolt against Austrian rule.
1832	Jul 10	President Andrew Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1832	Jul 13	Henry Schoolcraft discovered the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft came upon the lake where the Mississippi starts and intended to call it Veritas Caput, the Latin for “true head.” The name was too long and got shortened at both ends to Itasca.
1832	Jul 22	Napoleon FKJ Bonaparte (21), [l’Aiglon], king of Rome, died.
1832	Jul 25	The 1st US railroad accident was at Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass., and 1 died.
1832	Aug 2	Some 1,300 Illinois militia under General Henry Atkinson massacred Sauk Indian men, women and children who were followers of Black Hawk at the Bad Axe River in Wisconsin. Black Hawk himself finally surrendered three weeks later, bringing the Black Hawk War to an end.
1832	Aug 27	Black Hawk, leader of Sauk-Indians, gave himself up.
1832	Aug 31	Jean Nicolas Auguste Kreutzer, composer, died at 53.
1832	Aug	In Pennsylvania 57 Irish immigrants died of cholera after traveling there to build a railroad. In 2009 their bones were found at a woodsy site known as Duffy’s Cut, named after Philip Duffy, who hired the immigrants from Donegal, Tyrone and Derry to help build the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. In 2010 evidence indicated that at least some of the men’s remains showed signs of violence.
1832	Sep 21	Sir Walter Scott (b.1771), Scottish poet and novelist, died at Abbotsford near Melrose in the Scottish Borders. His novels included “Ivanhoe” and “Rob Roy.” Scott was later credited with inventing the genre of historical fiction. In 2010 Stuart Kelley authored “Scott-land: The Man Who Invented a Nation.”
1832	Sep 25	William Le Baron Jenney, US, architect and “father of the skyscraper,” was born.
1832	Oct 4	William Griggs, inventor (photo chromo lithography), was born.
1832	Oct 14	Blackfeet Indians attacked American Fur Company trappers near Montana’s Jefferson River, killing one.
1832	Oct 22	Leopold Damrosch, composer, was born.
1832	Nov 14	Charles Carroll (95), large landowner and signer Declaration of Independence, died.
1832	Nov 14	The first streetcar—a horse-drawn vehicle called the John Mason—went into operation in New York City.
1832	Nov 15	Felix Mendelssohn’s Symphony # 5 (“Reformation”) premiered.
1832	Nov 15	Jean-Baptiste Say (b.1767), French economist, died. He is remembered for what came to be called Say’s Law: “the supply (sale) of X creates the demand (purchase) of Y.” This law can be shown by business-cycle statistics. When downturns start, production is always first to decline, ahead of demand. When the economy recovers, production recovers ahead of demand. A society can’t consume if it does not produce.
1832	Nov 24	South Carolina passed an Ordinance of Nullification. The US government had enacted a tariff. South Carolina nullified it and threatened to secede. Pres. Jackson threatened armed force on his home state but a compromise was devised by Henry Clay that ducked the central problem.
1832	Nov 24	The doctrine of nullification involved an argument concerning the nature of the union as defined by the writers of the Constitution and addressed the question: “Was the US a compact of sovereign states, each retaining ultimate authority, or was the US one nation formed by the people through the writing of the Constitution?” John C. Calhoun, supporter of the doctrine of nullification, was Pres. Jackson’s principal opponent in the nullification crises.
1832	Nov 26	Public streetcar service began in New York City. The fare: 12 ½ cents.
1832	Nov 29	Louisa May Alcott (d.1888), American author who wrote “Little Women,” was born in Germantown, Pa. Under the pen name A.M. Barnard she wrote stories of violence and revenge that included “Pauline’s Passion and Punishment.” “It takes people a long time to learn the difference between talent and genius, especially ambitious young men and women.”
1832	Dec 5	Andrew Jackson was re-elected US president and became the 1st president to win an election in which the turnout exceeded 50%. The US anti-Mason Party with William Wirt drew 8% of the vote against Henry Clay and the eventual winner, Andrew Jackson. Clay led the Whig Party which coalesced against the power of Andrew Jackson. The Whigs came from the conservative, nationalist wing of the Jeffersonian Republicans. The election served as a referendum on Jackson’s position against the 2nd Bank of the US.
1832	Dec 15	Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, designed named the tower in Paris, was born.
1832	Dec 22	HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin reached Barnevelts Islands.
1832	Dec 25	Charles Darwin celebrated Christmas in St. Martin at Cape Receiver.
1832	Dec 28	John C. Calhoun became the first vice president of the United States to resign, stepping down over differences with President Jackson. Van Buren served as vice president under Andrew Jackson from 1833 to 1837.
1832		The Great Reform Act; seats in parliament are distributed more fairly, and the vote is extended to middle class men.
1832		Egypt takes advantage of Russia’s defeat of the Ottoman Turks and declares independence.
1832		The Whigs acquire more power momentarily. They are largely aristocrats with liberal leanings. They want to make Britain’s political system fairer and to placate working people without giving in to all their demands. The Great Reform Act, denied in 1831, is passed into law.
1832		In Illinois, a state since 1818, the Fox Indians, led by Black Hawk, are defeated militarily. In his surrender speech Black Hawk acknowledges defeat. He says he has done nothing shameful.
1832		Uriah Phillips Levy, a US naval lieutenant, commissioned a statue of Thomas Jefferson by Paris sculptor Piere-Jean David D’Anger. In 1847 Pres. Polk set the statue in front of the white House, where it stood for 27 years.
1832		Delacroix painted the Moroccan scene “A Street in Meknes.”
1832		Jean Ingres, French artist, painted the portrait of the self-made newspaperman “Louis-Francois Bertin.”
1832		The Durham Steer was painted by Austin Neame for the Kent & Canterbury Show of livestock.
1832		Jean Giono wrote his 1954 novel: “The Horseman on the Roof.” In 1996 it was made into a film directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau and is set in plague-stricken Provence in 1832.
1832		A lexicon of famous hand gestures was written by a canon of the Cathedral of Naples. In 2000 it was translated by to English by Andrea de Jorio.
1832		Berlioz composed “Lelio.”
1832		The Hudson Bay Company founded its trading post of Fort Nisqually. 2nd source has it established in 1833, 15 miles south of Tacoma as the hub of the Puget Sound Agricultural Company.
1832		Pres. Jackson dispatched the US Navy to South Carolina to quash an effort to nullify federal tariffs within the state.
1832		Pres. Jackson sent the frigate Potomac to bombard the pirate lair of Kuala Batu.
1832		The US Congress passed a law that required all US citizens to fast and pray one day a week. It was neither enforced nor observed.
1832		Congress set aside the thermal springs at Hot Springs, Ark., as a federal reservation.
1832		Phrenology, the “science” of reading the human personality from bumps on the skull, was brought to America by German physician Johann Spurzheim. It was founded on the theory that the brain had 35 to 45 sectors, each the site of a particular character trait such as appetite, combativeness and benevolence. Phrenology gained an enthusiastic following in America and spawned a whole industry producing phrenological paraphernalia. Cranial “maps” could be purchased to chart the topography of the skull and reveal the subject’s true self. Although phrenology was ultimately rejected as having no basis in scientific fact, it reflected 19th-century scientists’ growing interest in the workings of the human brain.
1832		Alfred Mosher Butts, an architect in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., invented the game he called “Lexico.” He made millions after the name was changed to “Scrabble.” [see 1938]
1832		A cholera epidemic hit Baltimore and at least 853 people were killed. Fundamentalist Christians blamed the deaths on the “judgement of God.”
1832		The Pittsburgh riverfront home of coal baron Abraham Hays flooded. Hays built a new mansion,  which later became a stop on the Underground Railroad, harboring slaves who traveled a tunnel from the Monongahela River to the vast brick-lined basement.
1832		Charles Carroll, one of the signers of the US Declaration of Independence, died at age 95.
1832		Franz Sacher, a chef in the employ of Prince Metternich, invented the torte. Family documents at the Hotel Sacher in Vienna support the claim.
1832		The United Kingdom passed the Anatomy Act, which allowed hospitals and workhouses to hand over for dissection bodies left unclaimed for two days.
1832		Honore Daumier, French artist, was imprisoned for 6 months for his barbs against King Louis-Philippe.
1832		Charles-Louis Havas sets up a foreign newspapers translation agency.
1832		In Kazakhstan Akmolinsk was founded. It was later renamed Tselinograd and then Akmola. In 1998 it became the capital and was renamed Astana, which means capital.
1832		In Sweden King Karl XIV Johan inaugurated the Göta Canal.
1832-1889		Juan Montalvo, Ecuadorian essayist and political writer: “There is nothing harder than the softness of indifference.”
1832-1904		Luigi Palma di Cesnola was born in Italy and later served for the Union Army in the Civil War. He was appointed as American Consul to Cyprus in 1865, where he collected many artifacts. He later sold his collection to the NYC Metropolitan Museum.
1832-1914		This period was covered by Robert Bickers in his 2011 book: “The Scramble For China: Foreign Devils in the Qing Empire, 1832-1914.”

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A Regency Era Timeline 1831 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1831:

Year	Month Day	Event
1831	Jan 1	William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879), 24-year-old reformer of Massachusetts, began publishing his newspaper The Liberator, dedicated to the abolition of slavery. Garrison’s stridency and uncompromising position on both the institution of slavery and slave owners offended many in the North and South, but he vowed to continue the fight until slavery was abolished. In the first issue of his newspaper, he wrote, “I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No!” Garrison once burned a copy of the U.S. Constitution, condemning it as “a covenant with death and an agreement with hell” because it did not forbid slavery. The Liberator ceased publication in 1865 after the 13th Amendment was passed, outlawing slavery. [see 1830]
1831	Jan 20	Protocols were signed in London that recognized Belgium as an independent nation. Belgium became a nation and combined French and Flemish-speaking lands. The Rothschild banking empire financed the founding of Belgium.
1831	Feb 7	The first Belgian Constitution was ratified.
1831	Feb 13	John Aaron Rawlins (d.1969), Bvt. Major General (Union Army), was born.
1831	Feb 19	The 1st practical US coal-burning locomotive made its 1st trial run in Pennsylvania.
1831	Feb 20	Polish revolutionaries defeated the Russians in the Battle of Grochow.
1831	Feb 25	The Polish army halted the Russian advance into their country at the Battle of Grochow.
1831	Mar 2	John Frazee becomes 1st US sculptor to receive a federal commission.
1831	Mar 3	George Pullman (inventor: railroad sleeping car; industrialist: Pullman Palace Car Company), was born.
1831	Mar 4	Georg Michael Telemann (82), composer, died.
1831	Mar 6	Philip Henry Sheridan, Union Army General and hero of the Battle of Cedar Creek, was born.
1831	Mar 6	Edgar Allan Poe failed out of West Point. He was discharged from West Point for “gross neglect of duty.” His parade uniform was supposedly incorrect.
1831	Mar 12	Clement Studebaker, auto maker, was born. John Studebaker mad a small fortune manufacturing wheelbarrows and pick axes for the miners in Placerville, Ca., that he used to found an automobile firm.
1831	Mar 19	The first recorded US bank robbery occurred at the City Bank, in New York. Some $245,000 is stolen.
1831	Mar 26	An interim government was set up in Raseiniai as a Lithuanian revolt against Russian rule began. There was a major uprising led by the Polish nobility in Warsaw against Russian rule. Russian forces began to march through Lithuania and this led many people of Lithuania to join in the rebellion against Russian rule. Serf uprisings also followed. The rebellion was eventually quelled by Russian force.
1831	Mar 31	Archibald Scott, Scottish chemist, was born.
1831	Mar 31	Quebec and Montreal were incorporated.
1831	Apr 7	Pedro I of Brazil abdicated in favor of his 5-year-old son, Pedro de Alcantara, Pedro II.
1831	Apr 12	Grenville Mellen Dodge, Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
1831	May 16	David Edward Hughes, inventor (microphone, teleprinter), was born.
1831	May 26	Russians defeated the Poles at battle of Ostrolenska.
1831	May 31	Captain John Ross, English explorer, identified the magnetic north pole on the west coast of the Boothia Peninsula, Netsilik territory.
1831	Jun 1	John B. Hood Confederate Civil War general, was born.
1831	Jun 13	James Clerk Maxwell (d.1879), Scottish physicist, was born. He showed that electrical, magnetic and optical phenomena were all united in a single universal force, electromagnetism, and formulated electromagnetic theory,
1831	Jun 28	Joseph Joachim, violinist (Hungarian Concerto), was born in Kittsee, Germany.
1831	Jul 4	“America (My Country ‘Tis of Thee)” was 1st sung in Boston. [see Jul 4, 1832]
1831	Jul 4	James Monroe, 5th President of the United States, died in New York City at age 73, making him the third ex-President to die on Independence Day.
1831	Jul 21	Belgium became independent as Leopold I was proclaimed King of the Belgians.
1831	Jul 24	Maria Agata Szymanowska (41), composer, died.
1831	Jul 30	Helene P. Blavatsky, founder (Theosophist Cooperation), was born.
1831	Aug 1	London Bridge opened to traffic.
1831	Aug 2	The Dutch army, headed by the Dutch princes, invaded Belgium, in the so-called “Ten Days Campaign”, and defeated Belgian forces near Hasselt and Leuven. Only the appearance of a French army under Marchal Gerard caused the Dutch to stop their advance.
1831	Aug 9	1st US steam engine train run was from Albany to Schenectady, NY.
1831	Aug 10	William Driver of Salem, Massachusetts, was the first to use the term “Old Glory” in connection with the American flag, when he gave that name to a large flag aboard his ship, the Charles Daggett.
1831	Aug 21	Nat Turner led a rebellion in Southampton county, Va. This became known as “Nat Turner’s Rebellion” or the “Southampton Slave Revolt.” Turner and about seven followers murdered 55 white people, including the entire family of his owners, the Joseph Travis’s. Turner had been taught to read by the Travis children and his studies of the bible led him to have visions of insurrection. Turner was later executed. A 1998 play by Robert O’Hara “Insurrection: Holding History” centered on the event.
1831	Aug 24	John Henslow asked Charles Darwin to travel with him on HMS Beagle.
1831	Aug 29	Michael Faraday, British physicist, demonstrated the 1st electric transformer. Faraday had discovered that a changing magnetic field produces an electric current in a wire, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction.
1831	Aug 30	Charles Darwin refused to travel with the HMS Beagle. On Dec 27 he was onboard.
1831	Sep 7	Victorien Sardou, French stage writer (Madame Sans-Gene, Tosca), was born.
1831	Sep 9	Eleven men, accused and convicted for participating in the revolt led by Nat Turner, were hanged. The death sentence for 7 others was commuted by the governor to “transportation,” i.e. sale outside the state.
1831	Sep 27	Joannis Capodistrias (55), Greek governor of Troezen, was murdered.
1831	Oct 17	Felix Mendelssohn’s 1st Piano concert in G premiered.
1831	Oct 31	Daniel Butterfield (d.1901), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
1831	Oct 31	Nat Turner, rebel slave, was caught by Mr. Benjamin Phipps and locked up in Jerusalem, Va. Thomas Gray, his court appointed attorney, spent 3 days talking to Turner and compiled his notes into “The Confessions of Nat Turner,” which were published in 1969.
1831	Nov 3	Ignatius Donnelly (d.1901), American social reformer, was born. Donnelly was an important scholar of the mythical continent of Atlantis. In 1882 he wrote “Atlantis: The Antediluvian World.”
1831	Nov 5	Nat Turner, rebel slave, was tried in Southampton county, Va.
1831	Nov 8	Edward R.L. Bulwer-Lytton, English writer, was born.
1831	Nov 11	Nat Turner was hanged and skinned in Southampton county, Va. Hysteria surrounded this rebellion and over 200 slaves, some as far away as North Carolina, were murdered by whites in fear of a generalized uprising. A martyr to the anti-slavery cause, Turner’s actions had the adverse effect of virtually ending all abolitionist activities in the south before the Civil War.
1831	Nov 14	Ignaz Joseph Pleyel (74), Austrian composer and piano builder, died.
1831	Nov 16	Karl von Clausewitz (51), Prussian strategist (Campaign 1813), died.
1831	Nov 19	James A. Garfield (d.1881) the 20th Pres. of the US, was born in Orange Township, Ohio.
1831	Nov 22	Giacomo Meyerbeer’s opera “Robert Le Diable” was produced (Paris).
1831	Dec 5	Former President John Quincy Adams took his seat as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
1831	Dec 23	Emilija Pliateryte (b.1831), Lithuanian rebel leader, died in Kapciamiestis while retreating to Prussia with the rebel army. She had organized a detachment in Dusetos with her cousin Cesar Pliateris (1810-1869) and both took an active part in the uprising. Together with the detachment of H. Horodeckij they defeated Zarasai. Emilija Pliateryte took part in many battles: at Maišiagala, Kaunas, and Šauksnai.
1831	Dec 26	Vincenzo Bellini’s opera “Norma,” premiered at La Scala in Milan.
1831	Dec 27	HMS Beagle departed from Plymouth. Naturalist Charles Darwin set out on a voyage to the Pacific aboard the HMS Beagle. Darwin’s discoveries during the voyage helped formed the basis of his theories on evolution.
1831	Dec 28	Samuel Sharp (1801-1832) led a slave uprising that was put down at great cost by the British. The Rebellion lasted for eight days and resulted in the death of around 186 Africans and 14 white planters or overseers. The white vengeance convicted over 750 rebel slaves, of which 138 were sentenced to death.
1831	Dec 29	Adam Badeau (d.1895), Bvt Brig General (Union volunteers), was born.
1831		Faraday discovers electro-magnetic current, making possible generators and electric engines.
1831		Various uprisings are taking place on the Italian peninsula, including the papal states. Pope Gregory XVI is opposed to democracy at any level and calls for help from Austria. Austria’s army marches across the peninsula, crushing revolts and revolutionary movements.
1831		In Warsaw, Polish soldiers revolt against Russian rule. Crowds take control of the city. Austria and Prussia want the revolt crushed. Freedom for the Poles is a popular cause in Britain and in France, but little help arrives and Nicholas I, who considers himself both the Tsar of Russia and King of Poland, sends troops that overwhelm the rebellion.
1831		In England, parliament’s lower body, the House of Commons, passes a reform bill. Britain’s new Prime Minister, Earl Grey, wants to end undue representation to towns that have shrunk (rotten boroughs) and to give Britain’s growing industrial towns representation in the House of Commons. The bill is defeated in the House of Lords, dominated by aristocratic conservatives. Rioting erupts in various cities, most seriously in Bristol from April 15 to May 4.
1831		A severe flood and plague devastate Baghdad. Mumeluke rule ends there as Mahmud II, sultan, reasserts Ottoman control over Mesopotamia.
1831		Charles Darwin, 22, has complete his B.A. at Cambridge and sails as an unpaid naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle to South America, New Zealand and Australia.
1831		In Boston, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrisons begins publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator.
1831		In Jamaica, a black Baptist deacon, Sam Sharpe, has gathered from the Bible that all men are created equal. He has learned from newspapers that people in England want an end to slavery. He organizes a sit-down strike timed for the harvest. Local planters move to crush the revolt and a group of slaves become violent, set fire to buildings and to cane fields. The planters crush the rebellion and hang Sam Sharpe.
1831		In America, Cyrus McCormick invents the reaper-harvester. making it possible to to harvest at three times the previous speed.
1831		Invention: Mechanical Reaper in 1831. Function: noun / reap-er Definition: A horse drawn mechanical machine used for harvesting grain or other small crops. Designed to cut down wheat much more quickly and more efficiently.
1831		Balzac wrote his story “The Unknown Masterpiece.” It became a parable of modern art.
1831		The “Hunchback of Notre Dame” (Notre Dame de Paris) by Victor Hugo was published. Disney released an animated film based on the classic in 1996.
1831		Frederic Chopin at 21 published his Waltz #1 in Eb Major and Waltz #3. These were his third and fourth published waltzes.
1831		The Sinking Spring Presbyterian Church was built in Abingdon, Virginia. It was later bought by the Sons of Temperance. In 1900 it was deeded to the city and in 1933 became the home of the Barter Theater.
1831		Early followers of Joseph Smith merged with a communal Christian sect and relocated to Kirkland, Ohio. [see 1838]
1831		The International Platform Association was founded by Daniel Webster and Josiah Holbrook. It is an organization for those on the lecture platform.
1831		At Yale the Skull and Bones society was founded. Boneswomen were not admitted until 1991.
1831		The New York City Marble Cemetery on Manhattan’s Lower East Side was established.
1831		The American Railroad Journal was established.
1831		US copyright protections were expanded to cover musical compositions.
1831		The anti-Mason Party met in Baltimore for the first presidential nominating convention in the US. The 116 delegates selected William Wirt of Maryland.
1831		New York Senator William L. Marcy made the statement, “To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy,” on the floor of the U.S. Senate in 1831. Marcy was responding to attacks on Secretary of State Martin van Buren made by Senator Henry Clay with regard to the use of patronage for party purposes, known as the “spoils system.” Marcy, who retired from the senate in 1833, became known as the “champion of the spoils system.” He went on to serve as secretary of war and secretary of state.
1831		George Calvert Yount of North Carolina first arrived in the Napa Valley, Ca.
1831		In the US the first federally financed artwork was a $400 bust John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the US.
1831		Robert A. Kinzie paid $127.68 for 102 acres of land that became much of Chicago.
1831		In New Hampshire Joseph Foster began building reed organs and melodeons. In 1845 he moved from Winchester to Keene and was joined by his brother Ephraim. The firm became known as “J&E Foster.” They worked together until Joseph died in 1875.
1831		The Ohio city of Cincinnati became known as “Porkopolis”. Strategically located on the banks of the Ohio River, Cincinnati gained the nickname because it was then America‘s greatest meat packing center.
1831		The lawn mower was invented in England.
1831		Stephen Girard (b.1750), shipping, real estate, banking and insurance magnate, died. His $7 million estate was the largest in the nation and he bequeathed it to create and sustain a school for orphan boys. His value in 1999 dollars totaled $56 billion.
1831		The original Zouaves, Zouaoua tribesmen from Algeria, formed their brightly dressed fighting force and later gained renown for their bravery during the Crimean and Franco-Austrian wars. American units imitated both the dress and battle courage of these fierce fighters.
1831		James Busby, Scottish-born father of Australian viticulture, collected 680 different vines from botanical gardens in Montpellier, Paris and London and brought them to Australia. These included the syrah grape, called shiraz in Australia.
1831		The Austro-Italian insurance company Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche was established.
1831		In London a 9-bedroom residence was built for a nobleman that in 1931 became the Abbey Road recording studio.
1831		The Garrick Club was founded in London for actors, writers and politicians.
1831		A cholera epidemic broke out in London.
1831		Sayyid Ahmad of Rai Bareilly (b.1786), Islamic warrior, died in a battle against the Sikhs. Sayeed Ahmad Shaheed was slain in Balakot (later part of Pakistan) while failing to repel Sikh invaders.
1831		Slaves in Jamaica were emancipated.
1831		Takashsimaya was founded in Kyoto, Japan, as a kimono shop. It grew to become the nation’s largest department store chain.
1831		Patrick Matthew, a Scottish landowner, provided a description of natural selection in an appendix to a book about growing the best trees to make warships.
1831-1832		Animals from the Tower of London menagerie created the core of the London Zoo.
1831-1837		Abraham Lincoln lived in New Salem, Ill. During this time he enlisted in the Black Hawk War. [see 1832]
1831-1870		Louis Remy Mignot, painter. He was a landscape artist of the Hudson River School and painted in North America, Europe and South America.
1831-1892		The 16 ½ mile Savannah-Ogeechee Canal in Savannah, Georgia, was built by slaves and Irish workers to transport cotton and timber between the 2 rivers. Plans for restoration of the canal were made in 1998.
1831-1899		Othniel Charles Marsh, born in Lockwood, New York, becomes Professor of Paleontology at Yale Univ. and vertebrate Paleontologist to the US Geological Survey. His expeditions unearthed 80 new species of dinosaur.
1831-1919		Amelia Edith Barr, American author and journalist “The fate of love is that it always seems too little or too much.”

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A Regency Era Timeline 1830 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1830:

Year	Month Day	Event
1830	Jan 7	1st US Railroad Station opened in Baltimore.
1830	Jan 7	Albert Bierstadt, painter (US landscapes), was born in Germany.
1830	Jan 8	Gouverneur Kemble Warren (d.1882), Major Gen (Union volunteers), was born.
1830	Jan 8	Hans von Bulow, pianist, virtuoso conductor, was born in Dresden.
1830	Jan 13	There was a great fire in New Orleans. It was thought to be set by rebel slaves.
1830	Jan 28	Daniel Auber’s opera “Fra Diavolo,” premiered in Paris.
1830	Feb 3	Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury (C), British PM (1885-1902), was born.
1830	Feb	In France the Comedie-Francaise performed “Hernani,” a play whose hero swears vengeance against Don Carlo, i.e. King Charles. The play “provoked a brouhaha that heralded the July Revolution.”
1830	Mar 4	V. Bellini’s opera “I Capuleti e i Montecchi” premiered in Venice.
1830	Mar 16	London reorganized its police force, Scotland Yard.
1830	Apr 5	Alexander Muir, poet (Maple Leaf Forever), was born in Lesmahagow, Scotland.
1830	Apr 6	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized by Joseph Smith and five others in Fayette, Seneca County, N.Y. Joseph Smith published the “Book of Mormon” in Palmyra, New York. He claimed that the manuscript was based on ancient golden plates revealed to him by the angel Moroni and written in the language of the Egyptians. The book records the journey of an ancient Israelite prophet, Lehi, and his family to the American continent some 2,000 years ago. [see 1827, 1831]
1830	Apr 9	Edward Muybridge, pioneered study of motion, photography, was born in England. In 2002 Rebecca Solnit authored “River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West.”
1830	May 1	Mother (Mary Harris) Jones, reformer and labor organizer, was born. [see 1837]
1830	May 3	The 1st regular steam train passenger service started.
1830	May 5	John B. Stetson, American hat maker, was born. He gave his name to the wide-brimmed cowboy hat.
1830	May 18	Karl Goldmark Keszthely, composer, was born in Hungary.
1830	May 18	Edwin Beard Budding of England signed an agreement for the manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower. He adopted the rotary blade in the cloth industry to grass.
1830	May 20	The 1st railroad timetable was published in the newspaper Baltimore American.
1830	May 20	Dr. Hyde patented a fountain pen.
1830	May 24	“Mary Had a Little Lamb,” was written. Sarah Josepha Hale of Newport, N.H., published a collection of poems “Poems for Our Children,” that included “Mary Had a Little Lamb.” [see 1815]
1830	May 24	The first passenger railroad in the United States began service between Baltimore and Elliott’s Mills, Md. The first regularly scheduled railroad passenger service was pulled by the engine named “The Best Friend of Charleston.”
1830	May 25	Jules de Geyter, Belgian poet (International), was born.
1830	May 28	Congress authorized Indian removal from all states to western prairie.
1830	Jun 26	Britain’s King George IV (b.1762) died. George Augustus Frederick of Hanover, Prince of Wales, was called Prinny by his friends. He was succeeded by his brother, King William IV. In 2002 Steven Parissien authored “George IV.” The crown passed to George’s brother who became William IV.
1830	Jul 4	William Sublette, a trapper and explorer, named Independence Rock, Wyo., when he celebrated his 54th birthday there.
1830	Jul 5	The French occupied the North African city of Algiers.
1830	Jul 10	Camille Pissarro (d.1903), French impressionist painter, was born on the island of St. Thomas in the West Indies. He studied as a child in Paris but spent his early years as an artist in Caracas, Venezuela. In Paris he became a devotee of the neo-Impressionist technique.
1830	Jul 15	3 Indian tribes, Sioux, Sauk & Fox, signed a treaty giving the US most of Minnesota, Iowa & Missouri.
1830	Jul 18	Uruguay adopted a liberal constitution.
1830	Jul 26	King Charles X of France issued five ordinances limiting the political and civil rights of citizens.
1830	Jul 27	A second Revolution broke out in Paris opposing the laws of Charles X.
1830	Jul 28	Revolution in France replaced Charles X with Louis Philippe.
1830	Jul 29	Liberals led by the Marquis of Lafayette seized Paris in opposition to the king’s restrictions on citizens’ rights.
1830	Jul 31	Charles X of France was forcibly ejected from the French throne. [see Jul 28]
1830	Jul to Aug	In Britain the June 26 death of Britain’s King George IV triggered elections. Polling took place in July and August and the Tories won a majority over the Whigs, but division among Tory MPs allowed Earl Grey to form an effective government and take the question of electoral reform to the country the following year.
1830	Aug 4	Plans for the city of Chicago were laid out.
1830	Aug 9	Louis-Philippe formally accepted the crown of France, following abdication of Charles X, last brother of guillotined Louis XVI. He was the son of the opportunistic Duke d’Orleans, first cousin to the late king, who renounced his royal heritage and called himself plain Phillipe Egalite. Louis-Philippe voted for his cousin’s death in 1793, but followed him to the  guillotine in 1794.
1830	Aug 25	The “Tom Thumb” steam locomotive, designed by Peter Cooper, ran its famous race with a horse-drawn car. The horse won because the engine, which had been ahead, broke down. [see Sep 18]
1830	Aug 25	Belgium rebelled against Netherlands.
1830	Aug 28	“Tom Thumb,” the 1st locomotive in US, ran from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mill.
1830	Sep 9	N.J.
1830	Sep 15	British MP William Huskisson (b.1770) was killed under the wheels of the “Rocket” train at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. He was the 1st person to be run-over by a railroad train.
1830	Sep 18	Tom Thumb” the first locomotive built in the United States, lost a nine-mile race in Maryland to a horse. [see Aug 25]
1830	Sep 18	William Hazlitt (b.1778), in his time England’s finest essayist, died. “A nickname is the heaviest stone that the devil can throw at a man.” In 2008 Duncan Wu authored “William Hazlitt: The First Modern Man.”
1830	Sep 20	The National Negro Convention convened in Philadelphia with the purpose of abolishing slavery.
1830	Oct 15	Helen Maria Hunt Jackson (d.1885), writer and poet, was born in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her 1881 non-fiction work, “A Century of Dishonor,” raised concerns about the treatment of Native Americans. Jackson, a lifelong friend of Emily Dickinson, worked on a government investigation of the treatment of Mission Indians. Her 1884 novel Ramona was also about the plight of Indians in California. “Wounded vanity knows when it is mortally hurt; and limps off the field, piteous, all disguises thrown away. But pride carries its banner to the last; and fast as it is driven from one field unfurls it in another.” “It is the weakness and danger of republics, that the vices as well as virtues of the people are represented in their legislation.”
1830	22-Nov	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
1830	Nov 8	Oliver Otis Howard (d.1909), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
1830	Nov 13	Oliver Wendell Holmes published “Old Ironsides.”
1830	Nov 15	In Britain Lord Grey used his majority in the House of commons to defeat the government of Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington. Wellington resigned the next day.
1830	Dec 5	Christina Rossetti (d.1894), poet (Winter Rain, Passing Away), was born in London. She wrote devotional verse, curious fairy tales and category defying poems. Her brothers, William Michael and Dante Gabriel, helped found the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, whose professed aim was to revive the purity and vividness they admired in late medieval art. Her story is told by Jan Marsh in “Christina Rosetti: A Writer’s Life.” “Better by far you should forget and smile, Than that you should remember and be sad.”
1830	Dec 10	Emily Dickinson (d.1886), American poet, was born in Amherst, Massachusetts. Perhaps the best-known woman poet in the United States today, Dickinson led a rather secluded life. After studying at Amherst Academy and then for one year at the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, she lived with her family and never married. The few friends that Emily Dickinson did have received regular gifts of poetry and letters from her. Although she wrote poetry constantly, she never seriously pursued publishing her work. Only about 10 poems were published in her lifetime, and those were submitted for publication without her permission. After her death in 1886, more than 1,700 of her poems, which she had bound together in bundles, were discovered and published. “They say that God is everywhere, and yet we always think of Him as somewhat of a recluse.”
1830	Dec 17	Simon Bolivar (b.1783), called “the Liberator,” died of TB in Santa Marta, in Colombia. He was a leader in Venezuela for struggles of  national independence in South America. He formed a Gran Colombia that lasted 8 years, but broke apart into Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. In 2006 John Lynch authored “Simon Bolivar: A Life.”
1830	Dec 20	An international conference declared the dissolution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands effectively recognizing the independence of Belgium.
1830	Dec 26	Gaetano Donizetti’s opera “Anna Bolena,” premiered in Milan.
1830		George IV dies; William IV becomes king.
1830		Sturt charts the Murray River.
1830		The Liverpool and Manchester Railway begins first regular commercial rail service.
1830		With China’s great population growth, unemployment has risen and there has been a shortage of land, creating peasant unrest. China is still the leader in manufacturing output (real rather than per capita), but its share is slipping from 32.8 percent in 1750 to 29.8 percent. India’s share since 1750 has fallen from 24.5 percent  to 17.6 percent. Britain, with a fraction of the population of either China or India, has increased its share in this period from 1.9 to 4.3 percent. The U.S. share is 2.4 percent.
1830		France has reneged in paying its bill for wheat bought from Algeria. A new era of European imperialism begins with Charles X sending an invasion force of 36,000 troops to Algeria, claiming that he was responding to the insult to his ambassador. The invasion is described as a civilizing mission and a mission to abolish slavery and piracy — a response to Algeria’s reputation in France for having attacked the ships of Christian nations during past centuries and for an estimated 25,000 European slaves in Algeria, including women in the harems.
1830		Businessmen and common people loathe Charles X, who has returned to absolutism, including dissolving parliament. The barricades go up in the streets of Paris. Charles X is frightened and rather than fight goes into exile, back to Britain. Parliament returns, creates a constitutional monarchy and elects a new king, Louis-Philippe.
1830		Violence erupts across Germany. Rent, tax and military records are burned. People want bread or are annoyed by higher prices for food, military conscription and in places by feudal dues. In Brunswick, Grand Duke Karl flees and a liberal constitution is created. The king of Saxony grants his subjects a liberal constitution. In Hesse-Kassel a constitution and a unicameral legislature are created.
1830		In Britain, the first edition of Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology is published and will revolutionize the age-of-earth concepts.
1830		The first railway station opens in the United States — in Baltimore Maryland.
1830		President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act, which rips the Cherokee and other eastern tribes from their homes and banishes them to areas west of the Mississippi River.
1830		Joseph Smith Jr. of New York organizes the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
1830		In England the lawn mower is invented.
1830		A Frenchman patents a sewing machine.
1830		Simón Bolivar dies disappointed and regretting that Spain did not allow people in its American colonies to develop self-government within a framework of institutions as had Britain with its colonists.
1830		Ingres made his pencil study for “La Grande Odalisque. “
1830		Franz Kreuger painted his portrait of Russia’s Empress Alexandra Fedorovna.
1830		Sheldon Peck, American New England artist, painted the portrait of a revolutionary soldier or dignitary. The portrait had been found in a local auction and was bought for $25. In 1997 it was valued at about $250,000.
1830		George Earl Bulwer-Lytton (Edward George Bulwer-Lytton) published his novel “Paul Clifford.” The opening line was “It was a dark and stormy night,” and led to the 1982 Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest for bad writing. Lytton also coined the phrase “the pen is mightier than the sword.”
1830		Stendhal (1783-1842), the nom de plume of French author Henri Beyle, authored “The Red and the Black,” the story of a peasant who reaches for upward mobility through the favors of two mistresses.
1830		Charles Lyell published the first edition of his “Principles of Geology.”
1830		The First Symphony by Berlioz had its premiere.
1830		In Pennsylvania George Brinton began constructing a home later called Rondelay in Chadds Ford. After extensive renovations the 6 bedroom home on 38.9 acres was listed for sale in 1998 for $2.9 mil.
1830		Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the US, signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The act banished the Cherokee and other eastern tribes to beyond the Mississippi.
1830		Pres. Andrew Jackson  forced Thomas L. McKenney from his job as the 1st US superintendent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Jackson disagreed with McKenney’s opinion that “the Indian was, in his intellectual and moral structure, our equal.”
1830		Pres. Jackson named Roger Brooke Taney as US Attorney General.
1830		A year after leaving office as the sixth president of the United States, the Plymouth district of Massachusetts unexpectedly elected John Quincy Adams to the House of Representatives, where he served until he suffered a stroke on the House floor in 1848. He died two days later. Adams at the time enjoyed the distinction of having been the only son to follow his father to the presidency.
1830		Senator Daniel Webster said: “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”
1830		The USS Constitution (aka Old Ironsides) was condemned as unseaworthy. The ship was saved by a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes, a Harvard anatomy professor, that stirred up protests. “Oh, better that her shattered hulk / Should sink beneath the wave…”
1830		The US Naval Observatory in Washington became the official timekeeper for the United States.
1830		Commercial bottling operations for ketchup began in Boston.
1830		The yard was standardized at 36 inches. It had started out as the girth of a Saxon.
1830		The Bowie knife was first introduced.
1830		Samuel Morrill, a newspaper printer, cooked up a new ink in his kitchen in Andover, Mass., forming a company that ultimately become Sun Chemical. In 2004 it was the largest maker of ink in the world.
1830		A Frenchman patented a sewing machine.
1830		American alcohol consumption reached 7.1 gallons per capita.
1830		The non-Indian population of California was 4,256.
1830		There were 40 million buffalo in the US at this time. By 1890 the number was reduced to 1,000.
1830		Richard Lander, British explorer, completed Mungo Park’s journey down the Niger from Bussa to the mouth of the river in 5 months.
1830		Henry Philip Hope, a London banker, purchased the 45 carat blue diamond. It later began to be known as the “Hope Diamond.”
1830		A Massachusetts spice trading ship was seized by pirates in Sumatra. In 2001 “Drums of Quallah Battoo: Salem Pepper Traders and Sumatran Pirates” by Charles P Corn (d.2001) was to be published.
1830		1000 Albanian leaders were invited to meet with an Ottoman general who killed about half of them.
1830		Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia’s major university, was  founded in La Paz.
1830		A French taxidermist stuffed an African Bushman from Botswana and took the body to Europe for exhibition. In 2000 the body was returned from a Spanish museum.
1830		In Germany the Altes Museum was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in the center of Berlin.
1830		In Germany Michael Thonet (d.1871) started making bentwood furniture. He moved to Vienna in 1842 and in 1850 started making bentwood chairs for commercial use. His 5 sons joined the company and by 1856 it was known as Gebruder Thonet. In 1923 the company joined others to form Thonet-Kohn-Mundus and began making tubular steel furniture. It moved its headquarters to the US in 1940 and is still in business.
1830		The Gran Colombia union collapsed and Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela became independent countries.
1830		Some sources say that the 1st pizzeria opened in Naples about this time. [see 1889]
1830		Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), Japanese artist, created his famous woodblock print “Beneath the Wave of Kanagawa” about this time.
1830		The government of Peru exempted guano from taxes. The commercial mining and export of the rich fertilizer soon followed.
1830		Nicholas I of Russia ruthlessly repressed the insurrection in Poland.
1830-1835		Tocqueville published his Democracy in America. In a democracy such as the United States, he said, private associations are permitted by the central government to perform quasi-governmental functions that take the brunt of governmental power and protect the people like a great umbrella spread out against a rainstorm. A nation without this crucial element in its makeup will be a more terrible tyranny than the world has ever seen.
1830-1837		Some 347 new banks were chartered in the US. The value of real estate rose 150%.
1830-1840		In St. Louis Henry Shaw made a fortune outfitting westward bound wagon trains. He retired at 40 and began to transform a wild prairie outside the city into magnificent gardens known later as The Missouri Botanical Garden (Shaw’s Garden).
1830-1840		Wine production began in Hunter Valley, north of Sydney
1830-1840		Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859), English essayist, historian and politician, served as a member of the British Supreme Council in India.
1830-1840		Hokusai (1760-1849) made his “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji during this decade. The wood blocks included “Under the Wave of Kanagawa,” “The Back of Mt. Fuji from Minobu River,” and “Winter Loneliness.” The last was inspired by a poem of Minamoto no Muneyuki Ason. Another series was titled “A Tour of Japanese Waterfalls.
1830-1840		Charles Wheatsone of London developed the English concertina with a range of three chromatic octaves.
1830-1840		Chair manufacturers started using metal for chair parts.
1830-1840		Don Vincente, a former Spanish monk, committed 8 murders for books owned by others.
1830-1840		The US Congress adhered to a gag rule that prohibited any consideration of any petition regarding the status of slavery or the slave trade on federal territory.
1830-1880		The art of creating a memorial wreath from the hair of a departed loved one was a popular Victorian mourning ritual.
1830-1850		The Pennsylvania German community made traditional hand-stitched show towels and most show towels date from this period. They were hung on a door in the main room of a house.
1830-1859		Alfred King worked as a jeweler and clockmaker in Chippenham, England, during this time. He signed his work “A. King.” His clocks fetch $2-3k.
1830-1862		Britain’s economy doubled in size over this period as increased productivity spread from cotton to other industries.
1830-1864		Private coins were manufactured in several areas of the US.
1830-1867		Alexander Smith, Scottish poet and essayist: “Christmas is the day that holds all time together.”
1830-1877		Some 12,500 convicts were locked in Tasmania during this period.
1830-1895		Lothar Meyer, German chemist, independently of Mendeleev discovered that if the chemical elements are arranged in a sequence according to their atomic weights, various chemical properties repeat periodically along the sequence.
1830-1897		In Brazil Antonio Vicente Mendes Maciel, aka Antonio Conselheiro, was born in Quixeramobim, Ceara. He founded the settlement of Canudos in Bahia that was destroyed by government forces. [see 1896]
1830-1917		Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood, American social reformer: “The glory of each generation is to make its own precedents.”

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A Regency Era Timeline 1829 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1829:

Year	Month Day	Event
1829	Jan 19	Johann von Goethe’s “Faust, Part 1,” premiered.
1829	Jan 28	In Scotland William Burke was hanged for murder following a scandal in which he was found to have provided extra-fresh corpses for anatomy schools in Edinburgh. His partner William Hare had turned king’s witness. The scandal led to the 1832 Anatomy Act.
1829	Feb 11	Alexander Griboyedov (b.1795), Russian diplomat, playwright and composer, was beheaded by a mob attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran. Griboyedov was protecting an Armenian eunuch, who had escaped from the harem of the Persian shah along with 2 Armenian girls. The Russians let the incident pass after an Iranian apology. They were already at war with the Turks and in regional competition with the British.
1829	Feb 16	Francois-Joseph Gossec (95), Belgian-French composer (Messe de Morts), died.
1829	Feb 26	Levi Strauss, creator of blue jeans, was born.
1829	Mar 2	Carl Schurz, was born. He was a Civil War general, political reformer and anti-imperialist.
1829	Mar 2	New England Asylum for the Blind, 1st in US, was incorporated in Boston.
1829	Mar 4	An unruly crowd mobbed the White House during the inaugural reception for President Jackson, the 7th US President. The event was later depicted by artist Louis S. Glanzman in his painting “Andrew Jackson’s Inauguration” (1970).
1829	Apr 6	Niels Henrik Abel (b.1802), Norwegian mathematician, died of tuberculosis. After him comes the term Abelian group, an algebraic commutative group. In 2004 Peter Pesic authored “Abel’s Proof: An Essay on the Sources and Meaning of Mathematical Unsolvability.”
1829	Apr 10	William Booth, founder (Salvation Army), was born.
1829	Apr 13	English Emancipation Act granted freedom of religion to Catholics.
1829	May 8	Louis Moreau Gottschalk (d.1869), American pianist, was born in New Orleans.
1829	May 10	Thomas Young, physicist, decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphics, died.
1829	May 15	Joseph Smith was “ordained” by John the Baptist- according to Joseph Smith.  Mormon church was founded in NY.
1829	May 18	Bernardo Bittoni, composer, died.
1829	May 29	Humphrey Davy (84), scientist, inventor (Miner’s safety lamp), died at age 50. In 1963 Anne Treneer authored “The Mercurial Chemist: A Life of Sir Humphrey Davy.”
1829	May	In Poland Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840), Italian violinist, performed in concert in Warsaw. Frederic Chopin (19) was so impressed that he proceeded to compose a series of piano studies a la Paganini. Chopin’s 27 Etudes later became a cornerstone of every gifted pianist’s repertoire.
1829	Jun 8	John Everett Millais, painter (Order of Release), was born in England.
1829	Jun 12	Johanna Spyri (d.1901), Swiss author (Heidi), was born. [see June 12, 1827]
1829	Jun 27	James Smithson (b.1765), Englishmen scientist, died. His 1926 will he stated that should his nephew die without heirs, the estate should go to the US of America to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institute, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. In 2003 Nina Burleigh authored “The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams and the Making of America’s Greatest Museum, The Smithsonian.” [see 1836]
1829	Jul 4	Cornerstone laid for 1st US mint (Chestnut & Juniper St, Phila).
1829	Jul 4	In Boston, Mass., abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) gave a passionate antislavery sermon at the Park Street Church and was attacked by a white supremacist mob who dragged him from the pulpit and beat him nearly to death. Garrison published the anti-slavery newspaper, the Liberator, from 1831-1865.
1829	Jul 23	William Austin Burt of Mount Vernon, Mich., received a patent for his “typographer,” a forerunner of the typewriter.
1829	Aug 9	The locomotive “Stourbridge Lion” went into service.
1829	Aug 16	The original Siamese twins, Chang and Eng Bunker, arrived in Boston aboard the ship Sachem to be exhibited to the Western world.
1829	Aug 25	Pres. Jackson made an offer to buy Texas, but the Mexican government refused.
1829	Aug 31	Giachinno Rossini’s final opera “William Tell” was produced in Paris.
1829	Sep 8	George Crook (d.1890), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
1829	Sep 12	Charles Dudley Warner, essayist and novelist who, with Mark Twain, wrote “The Guilded Age,” was born.
1829	Sep 25	There was a failed assassination attempt on Simon Bolivar.
1829	Sep 28	Walker’s Appeal, a racial antislavery pamphlet, was published in Boston.
1829	Sep 29	London’s reorganized police force, “bobbies”, which became known as Scotland Yard, went on duty. In 1828 Sir Robert Peel set up a committee whose findings paved the way for his police Bill, which led to the setting up of an organized police service in London.
1829	Sep	Ralph Waldo Emerson married Ellen Louisa Tucker. She had active tuberculosis and died two years later. His two brothers, Edward Bliss and Charles Chauncy died of TB in 1834 and 1835. [see 1883-1885]
1829	Oct 5	the 21st president of the United States, Chester Alan Arthur, was born in Fairfield, Vt. Some sources list 1830.
1829	Oct 16	Tremont Hotel, 1st US modern hotel, opened in Boston.
1829	Oct 17	Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay Canal formally opened. The Chesapeake-Delaware Canal was 14 miles long.
1829	Oct 17	Sam Patch (~23), stunt diver, successfully dove 120 feet from a platform on Goat Island at Niagara Falls.
1829	Oct 23	The Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia received its 1st prisoner, burglar Charles Williams (18). It was based on the Quaker idea of reform through solitude and reflection. It opened to tourists in 1971 after being closed to prisoners. The prison was designed by John Haviland.
1829	Oct 29	Maria A. [Nannerl] Mozart, Austrian pianist (Wolfgang’s sister), died.
1829	Nov 8	Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of the East India Company, called for the abolition of sati (suttee), the practice of a widow burning herself to death on her husband’s funeral pyre. [see Dec 4]
1829	Nov 13	Sam Patch (~23), stunt diver, dove 125 feet from a platform at the Genessee Falls in Rochester. His body was found the following March in the Genessee River ice. In 2003 Paul E. Johnson authored “Sam Patch, the Famous Jumper.”
1829	Nov 16	Anton G. Rubinstein, Russian pianist, conductor and composer, was born.
1829	Nov 20	Jews were expelled from Nikolayev and Sevastopol, Russia.
1829	Nov 28	Anton Rubinstein (d.1894), pianist and composer (Omitri Doskoy), was born in Vykhvatinetz, Podolia. He was the teacher of Tchaikovsky and considered the only rival of Liszt. His work included 6 symphonies, dozens of concertos and chamber works, and 20 operas, of which only “The Demon” has shown staying power. It was based on Lermontov’s Byronic poem.
1829	Dec 4	British colonial rulers abolished “suttee” (Sati) in India. This was the practice of a widow burning herself to death on her husband’s funeral pyre.
1829	Dec 8	The first presidential address of Andrew Jackson.
1829	Dec 14	In France Joseph Niepce signed a 10-year partnership agreement with Louis Daguerre to perfect a new photographic imaging process discovered by Niepce.
1829	Dec 18	Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (~85), French nature investigator, died.
1829	Dec 21	The 1st stone arch railroad bridge in US was dedicated in Baltimore.
1829	Dec 22	The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad opened the first passenger railway line.
1829	Dec 27	Hinton Helper, southern abolitionist, was born. He wrote “The Impending Crisis,”  the most stinging indictment of slavery.
1829		British authorities abolish the practice of suttee in India, whereby Hindu women were burned on their husband’s funeral pyres.
1829		English actress Fanny Kemble, at 19, makes her debut at London’s Royal Theatre in Covent Garden, playing Juliet in the company headed by her father, Charles Kemble, and her mother, Maria Theresa De Camp Kemble. She is an immediate success and revives the failing popularity of the Royal Theatre.
1829		Russia and Turkey come to terms under the Russo-Turkish Treaty of Adrianople.
1829		Sir Robert Peel forms the police force.
1829		The Catholic Emancipation Act gives Catholics civil rights.
1829		The Catholic Emancipation Act is enacted in Britain, which means that Roman Catholics can now hold public office.
1829		The country of Greater Columbia is now divided into the countries of Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and New Granada.
1829		The settlement of Perth is founded.
1829		The whole of Australia is claimed as British territory.
1829		In London, parliament extends tolerance, passing the Catholic Emancipation Bill, making it possible for Catholics to hold public office.
1829		The Treaty of Adrianople ends war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire grants Greece independence.  Russian authority in Georgia is recognized. The Russians are allowed access through the narrow straits from the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea. Autonomy is extended to Serbia and to the Romanians of Moldavia and Walachia, under Russian protection.
1829		Scotch tape is invented.
1829		Mexico abolishes slavery in its territories, hoping to discourage migration into Texas from the United States.
1829		David Walker, an outspoken black abolitionist, stated the Mr. Jefferson’s remarks (on white superiority) “have sunk deep into the hearts of millions of whites and will never be removed this side of eternity.” [see 1743]
1829		Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) published his first literary work: “A Walking Tour from Holmen’s Canal to the Eastern Point of Amager.”
1829		William Cobbett, British writer, authored “The Emigrant’s Guide,” offering advice on settling in the New World.
1829		Mendelssohn’s revived Bach’s St. Matthew Passion.
1829		Frederic Chopin at 19 published his Waltz #10, Op.69/2 and Waltz #13 Op.70/3. These were his first and second published waltzes.
1829		Utopian reformers opened the Hall of Science in a disused downtown Manhattan church, across the street from Tract House, the headquarters of a new Christian evangelical movement.
1829		The American Bible Society published scripture in the Seneca Indian language.
1829		Sister Mary Elizabeth Lange of Haiti co-founded the first black religious order of nuns (the Oblate Sisters of Providence) in the US.
1829		US Senator Daniel Webster appointed the first Senate page. The first US House page was appointed in 1842.
1829		Plymouth Brethren missionaries from the US made their 1st trip to Baghdad.
1829		Abner Cutler started a cabinet making business in Buffalo, New York. The company manufactured roll-top desks for decades.
1829		The Yeungling Brewery began producing beer in Pottsville, Pa.
1829		William Austin Burt patented his typographer, the first practical typewriter writing machine.
1829		In Western Australia the Nyoongar people were largely dispossessed by white settlement. In 2006 they proved native title to over more than 6,000 square kilometers (2,300 square miles) covering Perth and its surrounds by continuing to observe traditional customs.
1829		Daniel O’Connell, an Irish Catholic, took a seat in the House of Commons and began to work for the repeal of the union between Britain and Ireland. Nationalistic sentiments became identified mainly with the Catholics.
1829		In England the ban on Catholic voting was lifted.
1829		Oxford and Cambridge held their first boat race on the River Thames at Henley in Oxfordshire. The second race occurred in 1836, with the venue moved to be from Westminster to Putney.
1829		The Obelisk of Luxor, a gift from Egypt, was transported to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. [see 1836]
1829		Friedrich Buschmann, German musician, invented the accordion and laid out the buttons in a circle of fifths pattern.
1829		A hurricane destroyed the town of Loreto in Baha California except for the Mission Nuestra Senora de Loreto. The center of government was moved down the coast to La Paz.
1829-1833		Walter Bowne served as mayor of NYC.
1829-1833		Honore Daumier, French artist, created his bust of Comte de Lameth. Daumier honed his caricaturing skills with a series of terra-cotta busts that lampooned the right-wing leaders of the Court party. Lameth had fought for the colonists in the American Revolution and had voted to abolish the aristocracy during the French revolution.
1829-1837		Andrew Jackson was President of the US. In 2001 Robert V. Remini authored “Andrew Jackson and His Indian Wars.”
1829-1877		This period in US history was covered by Walter A. McDougall in his 2008 book “Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era 1829-1877.”
1829-1900		Charles Dudley Warner, American author and editor: “Public opinion is stronger than the legislature, and nearly as strong as the Ten Commandments.”
1829-1904		John Rogers, sculptor. He depicted Americans the way they wanted to be seen and became known as the “People’s Sculptor.”
1829-1906		Carl Schurz, American politician: “Ideals are like stars; you will not succeed in touching them with your hands. But like the seafaring man on the desert of waters, you choose them as your guides, and following them you will reach your destiny.”
1829-1908		Thomas Hill, American landscape painter.
1829-1912		General William Booth was the founder and leader of the Salvation Army, a Christian and social welfare organization taking spiritual and material help to the needy, first in London and then around the world. Booth, ordained a Methodist minister in 1858 but later becoming an independent evangelist, changed the name of his Christian Mission to the Salvation Army in 1878, adopting a military structure. Booth‘s seven children toiled in the Army, organizing units (including the Volunteers of America) throughout the world.

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A Regency Era Timeline 1828 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now and diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1828:

Year	Month Day	Event
1828	2-Jan	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
1828	Jan 31	Alexandros Ypsilanti (35), Greek resistance fighter, died.
1828	Feb 8	French author Jules Verne (d.1905) was born. He is considered the father of science fiction. Many of his 19th-century works forecast amazing scientific feats–feats that were actually carried out in the 20th century–with uncanny accuracy. Verne’s 1865 book From the Earth to the Moon told the story of a space ship that is launched from Florida to the moon and that returns to Earth by landing in the ocean. Something of a scientist and traveler himself, Verne’s 1870 work about a submarine, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,” and “Around the World in Eighty Days” also foretold technological advances that seemed fantastic at the time. “Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.”
1828	Feb 12	George Meredith, English poet and novelist, was born.
1828	Feb 18	More than 100 vessels were destroyed in a storm at Gibraltar.
1828	Feb 21	The first issue of the Cherokee Phoenix, the 1st American Indian newspaper in US, was printed, both in English and in the newly invented Cherokee alphabet.
1828	Mar 5	Johann Gungl, composer, was born.
1828	Mar 8	Johann Anton Sulzer (75), composer, died.
1828	Mar 17	Maj. Gen’l. Patrick R. Cleburne, the “Stonewall” of the West, was born.
1828	Mar 20	Henrik Ibsen (d.1906), poet and dramatist was born in Skien, Norway. His work included “Peer Gynt” and “Hedda Gabler.” “The worst enemy of truth and freedom in our society is the compact majority. Yes, the damned, compact, liberal majority.” In 1971 the 3rd and final volume of “Ibsen: A Biography” by Michael Meyer (d.2000) was published.
1828	Apr 4	Casparus van Wooden patented chocolate milk powder (Amsterdam).
1828	Apr 14	The first edition of Noah Webster’s “American Dictionary of the English Language” was published. Webster had finished writing it in England in January, 1825.
1828	Apr 16	Francisco Jose Goya y Lucientes (b.1746), Spanish painter, cartoonist, died at age 82 in France. He had served 3 generations of Spanish kings as court painter. In 2002 Julia Blackburn authored “Old Man Goya.” In 2003 Robert Hughes authored “Goya.” See link for Goya timeline.
1828	Apr 21	Hippolyte Taine, French philosopher, historian (Voyage in Italy), was born.
1828	Apr 26	Russia declared war on Turkey to support Greece’s independence.
1828	May 6	The Cherokee Indians were forced to sign a treaty giving up their Arkansas Reservation for a new home in what later became Oklahoma. This led to a split in the tribe as one group moved to Oklahoma and others stayed behind and became known as the Lost Cherokees.
1828	May 8	Jean Henri Dunant (d.1910), Swiss philanthropist, was born. He founded the Int’l. Committee of the Red Cross and was the first recipient (jointly) of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1828	May 12	Dante Gabriel Rossetti (d.1882), English poet and painter, was born. He helped found the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
1828	May 13	US passed the Tariff of Abominations. Congress raised duties on manufactured goods from abroad on which the South was dependent. South Carolina declared the tariff null and void within its borders and pres. Jackson threatened to send in troops. The tariffs were lowered in 1833.
1828	May 16	Sir William Congreve (b.1772), British artillerist and inventor, died. In 1805 he developed the Congreve Rocket.
1828	May 18	The Battle of Las Piedras, ended the conflict between Uruguay and Brazil.
1828	May 22	Albrecht von Grafe, German eye surgeon, founder of modern ophthalmology, was born.
1828	Jun 7	A party led by Jebediah Smith completed a journey down the Klamath River and were on the verge of starvation when they were visited by Indians who brought food. Smith’s party proceeded north to Oregon and most of the party was killed by Umpqua Indians. Smith was killed in 1831 by Comanches on the Cimarron River. Smith’s party were the 1st white people to see Lake Earl, the biggest lagoon on the West Coast.
1828	Jun 13	Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) was proclaimed dictator (Colombia).
1828	Jul 4	James Johnston Pettigrew, scholar, teacher, Brig General (Confederate Army), was born.
1828	Jul 4	Ground-breaking ceremonies were held in Baltimore for construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Charles Carroll, last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, turned the spade in Baltimore. At the groundbreaking, Carroll said, “I consider this among the most important acts of my life, second only to that of signing the Declaration of Independence, if even it be second to that.” On the same day, in nearby Georgetown, President John Quincy Adams, with great fanfare, lifted the first shovel of dirt to begin construction of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal that would link Washington, Baltimore and Pittsburgh by water. The railroad went on to become one of the nation’s longest rail lines, reaching St. Louis, Missouri, in 1857. The 185-mile canal, though it had many years of use, was quickly eclipsed as a transportation medium by the superior technology of the railroad.
1828	Jul 27	Gilbert Charles Stuart, painter, died.
1828	Aug 22	Franz Joseph Gall (70), German-French physician, fraud  (phrenology), died.
1828	Aug 28	Leo Tolstoy (d.1910), Russian novelist, was born. His work included “War and Peace” and  “Anna Karenina.” “History would be an excellent thing if only it were true.” “It is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness.” [see Sep 9]
1828	Aug	England’s Thames Tunnel Company was forced to halt operations due to accidents and loss of financial support. Work was halted for 7 years.
1828	Sep 8	Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), hero of Little Round Top at Gettysburg, was born.
1828	Sep 9	Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist, was born.  [see Aug 28]
1828	Sep 20	Gioacchino Rossini’s opera “Le Comte Ory,” premiered in Paris.
1828	Nov 1	Balfour Steward, Scottish physicist and meteorologist, was born.
1828	Nov 8	Thomas Bewick (b.1753), English engraver and ornithologist, died. In 2007 Jenny Uglow authored “Nature’s Engraver: A Life of Thomas Bewick.”
1828	Nov 19	Franz Schubert (b.1797), Austrian composer, died of syphilis in Vienna. In this he composed his song cycle “Schwanengesang.” His work included the C-Major Symphony, string quartets, 3 piano sonatas, and the C-Major String Quartet. Otto Erich Deutsch catalogued his work [hence the “D” numbers] and wrote a documentary biography. In 1997 Brian Newbould  wrote “Schubert: The Music and the Man.”
1828	Dec 3	Andrew Jackson was elected 7th president of the United States over John Quincy Adams. Resentment of the restrictive credit policies of the first central bank, the Bank of the United States, fueled a populist backlash that elected Andrew Jackson.
1828	Dec 22	Rachel Jackson, beloved wife of Andrew Jackson, died of heart disease just weeks before her recently elected husband was inaugurated as president of the United States. Andrew Jackson had been 21 and a promising young lawyer when Rachel Donelson Robards, his landlady’s daughter and the estranged wife of Lewis Robards of Kentucky, caught his eye. Robards had started divorce proceedings, but had dropped them without his wife’s knowledge. Believing she was a free woman, Rachel married Andrew Jackson in 1791. Two years later, the couple discovered that Robards was finally suing for divorce–on the grounds of adultery and desertion. The divorce was granted, and in 1794, the couple quietly remarried. Yet, for the rest of her life, Rachel was unjustly slandered for her irregular marriage. The gossip became particularly painful during the 1828 presidential campaign when the 37-year-old scandal was resurrected as a campaign issue. Andrew Jackson defeated his opponent John Quincy Adams, but when Rachel died soon after the election, Jackson bitterly attributed her death to “those vile wretches who…slandered her.”
1828	Dec 23	Mathilde Wesendonk, German writer, poet (Tagebuchblatter), was born.
1828		America’s Shakers drop their permissive attitude toward alcohol, forbidding the use of beer, cider, wines, and all ardent liquors, on all occasions, including house-raisings, husking bees, harvestings, and all other gatherings.
1828		An English physician suggests the word obstetrician from the Latin “to stand before” to be used to denote a specialist in childbirth instead of the more commonly used names of male midwife, man midwife, madman, accouter, and even androboethogynist.
1828		Girls and women organize the first strike of US women wage earners in Dover, N.H. after cotton mill owners post new rules which include: “The bell to call the people to work will be rung 5 minutes and tolled 5 minutes; at the last stroke the entrance will be closed and a fee of 12 1/2 cents exacted of anyone for whom it may be reopened”; “No person can be allowed to leave work without permission of the overseer.”; and “No talking can be permitted while at work, except on business.” 12 1/2 cents represents 1/3 of a day’s wages.
1828		In Portugal, regent Dom Miguel overthrows the government in the Miguelite Wars. He will not be defeated until 1834.
1828		Russia and Turkey engage in war.
1828		Scandal is abrew in the US. In a smear campaign, President-elect Andrew Jackson’s wife is accused of bigamy and adultery in speeches and handbills. It seems her first husband had filed for divorce, and she had married Jackson believing herself free although she was still technically married at the the time to her first husband.
1828		The Ladies Magazine begins publication in Boston.
1828		Dr. Paul Ferdinand Gachet was born in Lille. He moved to Paris in 1848 to study medicine and developed a clientele of artists that included Pissarro and Cezanne. He accepted paintings in exchanged for services and amassed a sizable collection. He also painted and used the pseudonym Paul Van Ryssel.
1828		Pietro Tenerani, Italian sculptor, made his two statues, allegories of Hunting and Fishing, at Carrara. They were placed in Carrara’s Academy of Fine Arts, the former Cybo-Malaspina palace.
1828		John Rubens Smith painted his watercolor “West Front of the United States Capital.” [see 1775-1844, Smith]
1828		Sister Mary Elizabeth Lange of Haiti co-founded the first black Catholic school in the US.
1828		Me-a-pa-te, “the hill that is hard to go around,” in western Nebraska was renamed Scott’s Bluff, after the body of trapper Hiram Scott was found nearby.
1828		Opponents of Andrew Jackson accused the general of having murdered a Baptist minister and five other white militiamen during the Creek War.
1828		John Overlord, Andrew Jackson and James Winchester, the founders of Memphis, Tenn., bestowed an easement to the Mississippi riverfront for a promenade.
1828		McKendree University, a private liberal arts college, was founded in Illinois.
1828		Conspirators broke into the presidential palace in Bogota in an attempt to murder Simon Bolivar, who escaped.
1828		The Republic of Gran Colombia fell apart due to political rivalries between its constituent provinces. Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela became independent countries.
1828		The Danish government decreed that all persons should have a surname which was inherited from the preceding generation.
1828		In France a perfume and cosmetics house was established. In 1998 the firm was led by Jean-Paul Guerlain, the great-grandson of the founder.
1828		In France Louis Daguerre contacted Joseph Niepce with an offer to work together on the photographic process that Niepce had developed.
1828		Rennee Caillie of France became the 1st Westerner to reach Timbuktu, Mali, and survive to tell the tale. In 1830 he published an account of his journey.
1828		The Mexican city of Valladolid was renamed Morelia after independence hero Jose Maria Morelos
1828		Russia conquered the Armenian provinces of Persia, and this had brought within her frontier the Monastery of Etchmiadzin, in the Khanate of Erivan, which was the seat of the Katholikos of All the Armenians.
1828		Siamese [Thailand] forces invaded Laos. Vat Sisaket, a temple in Vientiane, survived the invasion.
1828		Uruguay, created as a buffer state between Argentina and Brazil, declared its independence.
1828-1830		Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852), the duke of Wellington, served as British prime minister. He blocked badly needed political reform and was later considered one of England’s worst prime ministers.
1828-1861		Queen Ranavalona I ruled over Madagascar.
1828-1896		Elizabeth Charles, British writer: “To know how to say what others only know how to think is what makes men poets or sages; and to dare to say what others only dare to think makes men martyrs or reformers — or both.”
1828-1909		George Meredith, English poet: “Cynicism is intellectual dandyism.”

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