Regency Personalities Series
In my attempts to provide us with the details of the Regency, today I continue with one of the many period notables.
Richard Grosvenor 2nd Marquess of Westminster
27 January 1795 – 31 October 1869
Richard Grosvenor
Richard Grosvenor 2nd Marquess of Westminster styled Viscount Belgrave from 1802 to 1831 and Earl Belgrave from 1831 to 1845, was an English politician, landowner, property developer and benefactor.
Grosvenor was born at Millbank House, Westminster, London, the eldest of the three sons of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster and Lady Eleanor Egerton. Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He undertook the Grand Tour in 1815.
In 1818 Grosvenor was elected as Whig MP for Chester and was later appointed Justice of the Peace. In 1830 he was elected MP for Cheshire until the constituency was divided in 1832, and from then until 1834 he represented South Cheshire. In 1845 he would inherit his father’s title and sit in the House of Lords. He was Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire from 1845 to 1867 and Lord Steward of the Household between 1850 and 1852 in the Whig administration headed by Lord John Russell. On 22 March 1850 he was admitted to the Privy Council. He was presented with the Order of the Garter on 6 July 1857.
Grosvenor “devoted himself … to the improvement of his London property”, and added to his properties in Dorset and Cheshire; he was described as being a “model landlord”. Eaton Hall had been rebuilt in flamboyant Gothic style for his father by William Porden.
Grosvenor commissioned the Scottish architect William Burn to make alterations to it. Burn also designed Fonthill House for him in Scottish Baronial style. On his estates Grosvenor built farms, schools and “numerous” cottages.
Grosvenor continued the family interest in horse racing and, when he was living in the country estate, he spent time hunting and fishing. He gave generously to charity, and built and restored churches. He was an early patron of the Chester architect John Douglas. In 1865–66 Douglas designed St John’s Church for him in his estate village of Aldford.
About the same time Grosvenor gave fields in Chester to the city council for the formation of Grosvenor Park. For this park Douglas designed a number of items, including the Entrance Lodge, the gates, and a cover for Billy Hobby’s Well. In 1865 the citizens of Chester began to raise money for the erection of a statue “to mark the public and private worth of his lordship, and the high estimation in which he is held by his neighbours and tenants, as well as by all classes of the community”. Over £5,000 (£400,000 as of 2014) was raised. The statue showing the marquess in his garter robes was designed by Thomas Thornycroft, and erected in 1869; it still stands in Grosvenor Park.
Grosvenor’s parents had instilled “high moral principles” in their children, and these stayed with Richard throughout his life. He has been described as “of austere character and unswerving devotion to duty as family man, politician and landlord”. His obituary in The Times says “he administered his vast estate with a combination of intelligence and generosity not often witnessed”.
Elizabeth, Marchioness of Westminster, by Sir Thomas Lawrence.
Lord Westminster married Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, younger daughter of George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford (later 1st Duke of Sutherland), in 1819. Following their marriage, Westminster and his wife initially lived at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, the family’s country house, with Lord and Lady Grosvenor. During the London season, from April each year, the family moved to live in Grosvenor House.
In 1827 the couple visited Norway, Sweden and Russia and in 1835–36 they toured through Germany and Italy. In 1833 they moved into Motcombe House, Dorset, in one of the family’s estates. When the 1st Marquess died in 1845 they followed the family tradition of using Eaton Hall as their country house and Grosvenor House as their London residence, where they entertained lavishly.
Lord Westminster and his wife had thirteen children, ten of whom survived into adulthood and three of whom lived into their nineties. Their second son Hugh Lupus Grosvenor succeeded him as 3rd Marquess; he was later created Duke of Westminster. Their youngest son Lord Richard Grosvenor was ennobled as Baron Stalbridge.
- Lady Eleanor Grosvenor; m. Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland.
- Lady Mary Frances Grosvenor; m. Thomas Parker, 6th Earl of Macclesfield.
- Gilbert Grosvenor.
- Lady Elizabeth Grosvenor, married Beilby Lawley, 2nd Baron Wenlock.
- Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess and 1st Duke of Westminster.
- Lady Evelyn Grosvenor.
- Lady Caroline Amelia Grosvenor; m. William Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh.
- Lady Octavia Grosvenor; m. Col. Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 7th Baronet.
- Lady Agnes Grosvenor; m. Sir Archibald Campbell, 3rd Baronet.
- Lord Gilbert Norman Grosvenor.
- Lady Jane Louisa Octavia Grosvenor; m. firstly, Gamel Pennington, 4th Baron Muncaster; m. secondly, Hugh Lindsay.
- Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge.
- Lady Theodora Grosvenor; m. Thomas Guest.
Lord Westminster died at Fonthill House, Fonthill Gifford in Wiltshire on 31 October 1869 after a short illness and was buried in the family vault in St Mary’s Church, Eccleston. His wealth at death is recorded as being under £800,000 (£62,570,000 as of 2014)
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